2. Thermal Physics Flashcards

0
Q

Describe liquid

A

Weaker attractive force than solid
No fixed pattern
Particles slide past each other

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1
Q

Describe solid

A

Strong forces of attraction between particles
Have fixed pattern
Atoms vibrate but can’t change position

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2
Q

Describe gas

A

Almost no intermolecular force
Particles are far apart, move quickly
Gases spread out to fill up the container and exert equal pressure on all surfaces
Collide with each other and bounce in all direction

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3
Q

What is pressure of gas

A

Due to particles colliding on the container wall

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4
Q

Describe brownian motion

A

Smoke particles appear to be in random motion
This is bc they are constantly being hit by other rapidly moving particles in the air
This is a evidence that particles in air are in constant random motion
Massive particles may be moved by light, fast moving particles

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5
Q

Describe evaporation

A

The transformation of liquid into a gas at a temperature below the boiling point of the liquid
Particles with more kinetic energy move faster and overcome the force of attraction between the molecules and escape from the surface
Constantly occur on the surface of the liquid

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6
Q

Relate evaporation to cooling

A

More energetic particles escape, the liquid contains fewer high energy particles and more lower energy particles so the average temperature decrease

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7
Q

Describe the factors affecting evaporation

A

More surface area, higher temperature and blow air across the surface increase evaporation

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8
Q

Describe Boyle’s law

A

When temperature is constant, pressure x volume = constant

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9
Q

Describe the the al expansion of liquid gas and solid

A

Liquid expand -> increase volume
Gas expand at constant volume -> higher pressure, at constant pressure -> higher volume
Gas > liquid > solid

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10
Q

What is fixed point

A

Use to define a scale of temperature
Fix points are definite temperature at which sth happen
Ice point : 0c - pure ice melt
Steam point : 100c pure water boil

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11
Q

What is thermometric property of the thermometer

A

The physical property that varies with temperature

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12
Q

Describe the liquid in glass thermometer

A

Consists of a thin glass bulb joined to a capillary tube
The liquid fills the bulb and the tube
When the bulb become warmer, liquid expand and the liquid in the bulb is forced into the capillary tube
The amount of expansion can be matched to a temperature on the scale
Use in home, office, greenhouse and hospital

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13
Q

What is range

A

The lowest and highest temperature of the thermometer

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14
Q

What is sensitivity

A

The extent of change in the thermometric property for a 1c rise of temperature

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15
Q

What is linearity

A

Extent of difference between each individual degrees

Higher difference, poorer linearity

16
Q

What is thermal capacity

A

The energy that must be supplied to an object to raise its temperature by 1c

17
Q

How to calculate thermal capacity?

A

Energy / change in temperature

18
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1c
Unit J/(kg c)

19
Q

How to calculate specific heat capacity

A

Energy / mass x change in temperature

20
Q

What is melting point

A

The temperature at which it melts or solidify

21
Q

What is boiling point

A

The temperature at which it boils or condenses

22
Q

What is latent heat

A

The energy supplied to a substance when it changes its state without changing temperature

23
Q

What is latent heat of fusion

A

The energy supplied for a substance to melts and turns to liquid
E energy used by molecules to break free from each other

24
Q

What is latent heat of vaporization

A

The energy supplied for a substance to vaporize and is used by the molecules to break away from the liquid

25
Q

What is the specific latent heat of fusion

A

The energy needed to melt 1kg of the substance at its melting point

26
Q

What is the specific latent heat of vaporization

A

The energy needed too change 1kg of the substance at its boiling point from liquid - vapor

27
Q

How to calculate the specific latent heat

A

Energy / mass

Unit J/kg

28
Q

Why metal conducts heat

A

Metal contain a lot of conduction electrons

When it is heated, the free electrons at the hot end gain ke and move fast -> transfer ke to electrons and ions