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Flashcards in 2 Study Designs Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is the AAAA framework?

A

Assess - what type of study?
Access - where is the best evidence?
Appraise - quality of evidence
Act - is this relevant to my clinical practice?

2
Q

Who made the link between Thalidomide and congenital defects?

A

Lenz and McBride in 1961

3
Q

What study would you use to answer a frequency of disease who is affected question?

A

ecological; cross section

4
Q

What study would you use to answer an aetiology / risk factor question?

A

case - control or cohort study

5
Q

What study would you use to answer an effectiveness question?

A

RCT

6
Q

What study would you use to answer a diagnosis question?

A

special cross sectional

test accuracy study

7
Q

What study would you use to answer a patient experience question?

A

qualitative study

8
Q

What is a case report study?

A

a detailed report of an unusual ‘condition’ or ‘uccurence’ in a single moment

9
Q

What is a case series?

A

a detailed reoport of an unusual ‘condition’ or occurrence in several practices

10
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

information is collected (planned), in a defined population at one point in time

11
Q

What is an ecological sudy?

A

information is collected from population groups to compare disease frequencies

12
Q

What are the two different ways that data could be collected in an ecological study/

A

in the same population but at different points in time

between different populations at the same point in time

13
Q

What are the sub-divisions of studies?

A
descriptive
anatlytical (observational or interventional)
14
Q

Name the 4 types of descriptive sudies

A

case report
case series
cross-sectional study
ecological study

15
Q

What are the characteristics of descriptive studies

A

observational

often precede analytic studies investigating disease in aetiology

16
Q

What are the characteristics of analytical studies?

A

use comparisons of groups

aims to establish whether an exposure causes an outcome

17
Q

What is an observational analytical study?

A

researcher is an observer of exposures and outcomes

18
Q

What is an interventional analytical study?

A

researcher allocates exposure and observes medicine

19
Q

What are the 2 types of observational analytical study?

A

case control

cohort study

20
Q

What is a case control study?

A

investigates multiple exposure, but one outcome
recruitment is based on the presence or absence of outcome, doesn’t have to wait for one to occur
active case finding overcomes the rareness of outcomes

21
Q

What is a cohort study?

A

investigates one exposure to multiple outcomes

have to wait for outcome to occur

22
Q

What questions should be used when deciding to do a cohort or case-control trial?

A

how many exposures?
how many outcomes?
time between exposure and outcome?
is outcome rare or common?

23
Q

What are randomised controlled trials used to invetigate?

A

effectiveness