2: Imaging in obstetrics and gynaecology Flashcards Preview

Reproduction Week 3 2018/19 > 2: Imaging in obstetrics and gynaecology > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2: Imaging in obstetrics and gynaecology Deck (28)
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1
Q

What is the most common imaging used in gynaecology?

A

USS

2
Q

What presenting complaints in women would indicate pelvic imaging?

A

Pelvic pain

Pelvic mass

Dodgy bleeding (intermenstrual, post-menopause)

Infertility

3
Q

Which gland is commonly involved in male/female infertility?

How is it imaged?

A

Pituitary gland

MRI pituitary

4
Q

What are two ultrasound views used for pelvic imaging?

A

Transabdominal

Transvaginal

5
Q

Transabdominal ultrasound is (invasive / non-invasive).

A

non-invasive

6
Q

Transvaginal ultrasound is (invasive / non-invasive).

A

invasive

It’s inserted

7
Q

Gas appears as which colour on ultrasound?

A

Black

8
Q

Gas appears black on ultrasound. This presents a problem in transabdominal ultrasound scanning.

How is this solved?

A

Full bladder

Shifts gas-filled bowel out of the way and acts as a reference point

9
Q

In transvaginal ultrasound, where a probe is inserted into the vagina, the patient’s bladder needs to be (empty/full).

A

empty

10
Q

Can transvaginal ultrasound be used in patients who haven’t been sexually active?

A

No

11
Q

What colour does the endometrium appear on ultrasound?

A

White

12
Q

What colour is free fluid on ultrasound?

A

Black

13
Q

What imaging is used second-line in more complicated cases or to stage malignancies?

A

CT scan

14
Q

What are the advantages of CT scanning over X-ray?

A

Multiple views, can scroll to select different slices

Higher resolution image

Can pick out more structures

15
Q

CT scanning delivers a high dose of ___.

A

radiation

especially to testes/ovaries

16
Q

Does MRI give the patient a dose of radiation?

A

No

But there are different risks (metal)

17
Q

What are the two different MRI scans which patients can have?

A

T1

T2

relearn the difference

18
Q

Which scan is used to stage cervical cancer?

Why?

A

MRI scan

CT not detailed enough

19
Q

What colour does the endometrium appear on MRI?

A

White

20
Q

What scan offers the most detailed image of the pelvis?

A

MRI scan

21
Q

What scan is used to diagnose endometriosis?

A

MRI scan

As with normal endometrium, abnormal (& bleeding) tissue appears white

22
Q

Which serial X-ray technique can be used to assess a woman’s tubal patency?

A

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

Like an angiogram for the uterine tubes

23
Q

Which is injected into the cervix before HSG is carried out?

A

Contrast

24
Q

What is seen lateral to the uterus and uterine tubes once contrast has been injected in HSG?

A

Peritoneal spill

If uterine tubes are patent, contrast will pass through them and pass into peritoneal cavity at the distal end

25
Q

Where does ovarian cancer tend to spread?

Why?

A

Peritoneal cavity

Space between ovaries and start of uterine tubes - continuous with “ “

26
Q

Where in the body does ovarian cancer tend to spread?

A

Peritoneal cavity

Liver SURFACE (not intrahepatic)

27
Q

What can be used to differentiate bowel from solid deposits on a CT or MRI scan?

A

Contrast

28
Q

Which specific type of scan is used to identify cervical cancer?

A

MRI scan

T2-weighted