2- Fluid, Electrolyte, A/B Balance (40) Flashcards Preview

Nursing Fundamentals > 2- Fluid, Electrolyte, A/B Balance (40) > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2- Fluid, Electrolyte, A/B Balance (40) Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q

Amount of fluid intake and loss in 24hrs

A

1,500 x - 3,500 mL Average = 2,500-2,600 mL with 1,500 being from urine.
Intake and output should be evenly balanced. May not occur over 24 hr period but should normally be achieved over 2-3 day period

1
Q

Functions of water (in the body)

A
  1. Provides a medium for transporting nutrients to cells and wastes from cells
  2. Medium for transporting hormones, enzymes, platelets, R and W cells
  3. Facilitate intracellular metabolism and proper cellular functioning
  4. Solvent for electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
  5. Help maintain normal body temperature
  6. Facilitate digestion and promote elimination
  7. Act as a tissue lubricant
2
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substances that are capable of breaking into particles called Ions.

ECF electrolytes= sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.
ICF electrolytes= potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

NonElectrolytes- urea, glucose

3
Q

Ions

A

Atom or molecule carrying an electrical charge.

Cations- positive : Na, K, H, Ca, Mg
Anions- negative : chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate.

4
Q

Solvents and Solutes

A

Solvent- Liquids that hold a substance in solution. (Water)

Solute- substance that are dissolved in a solution.
Electrolytes

5
Q

Osmosis

A

SOLVENT (water) moves from an area with fewer solutes to an area with greater amount of solutes.

6
Q

Osmolarity

A

Concentration of particles in a solution.

“Pulling power”

7
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution that has the same concentration of particles (osmolarity) as plasma

8
Q

Hypertonic

A

Greater osmolarity than plasma. Water moves out of cells and into the intraday ulnar compartment causing cells to shrink.

9
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution has less osmolarity than plasma. Moves out of intravascular space and into intracellular fluid causing cells to swell

10
Q

Diffusion

A

SOLUTES move freely from higher concentration to lower concentration.

11
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy.
Movement of substances through a cell membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

12
Q

Filtration

A

Passage of fluid through permeable membrane. Fluid moves from high pressure to low pressure.

Filtration pressure is the difference between colloid osmotic pressure and blood hydrostatic pressure

13
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The pushing force inside capillaries.

14
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

The pulling force. plasma proteins in the intravascular space or plasma facilitate this reabsorption by “pulling” the fluid back into capillaries.

15
Q

Acid, base, ph

A

Acid - substance containing H+ that can be released. Carbonic acid. 7 less H+

pH - acid/ base balance.