1B. The structure and function of the respiratory system Flashcards
Name the structures that air moves through as it passes from mouth to alveoli
MOUTH, Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, ALVEOLI
What is the function of the cilia?
Trap dirt and dust
What is the function of the alveoli?
Provide a surface for diffusion of gases/ gas exchange
Describe the process of diffusion that occurs in the lungs
Gases move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Oxygen out of the alveloi. carbondioxide into alveoli
Explain why oxygen diffuses into the blood?
Because the concentration of oxygen is higher in alveoli than blood in the capillaries.
Name 4 factors that assist gaseous exchange
Thin cell wall Short distance between membranes large surface area layer of moisture Surrounded by dense capillary network
What is the function of Haemoglobin?
To transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin. It also transports carbondioxide.
Name the muscles used during inspiration at rest and explain the process that occurs in expiration at rest
inspiration at rest -Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Expiration - The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and chest cavity returns to normal size.
Name the Name the muscles used during inspiration and expiration during exercise.
inspiration during exercise - Pectorals, sternocleidomastoid.
expiration during exercise - Adominals
Describe the mechanic of inhalation at rest
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, ribs move up and out, chest cavity increase in size. air moves form area of higher concentration into the lungs which has a lower concentration.
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air breathed ina dn out at rest.
Which lung volume is used to increase the amount of air breathed in?
Inspiratory reserve volumes
What is the name of the amount of air left in the lungs after a full expiration
Residual volume
