1a. Structure and functions of the musculo-skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Functions of the Skeleton?

A

Support - Keep us upright and hold the rest of the body in place

Protection - Protect the bodies organs from external forces e.g. cranium protects the brain

Movement - provides anchor point of muscles to pull against

Structure shape and points for attachment - skeleton gives us our general shape such as height and build. Also provides anchor points for muscle attachement

Mineral Storage - Bones store several mineral including calcium and phosphorous

Blood Cell Production - inner marrow of the long bones and ribs produce red and white blood cells

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2
Q

What is the definition of Support?

A

Bones keep us upright and hold muscles and organs in place

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3
Q

What does Protection mean?

A

Some bones surrond and protect vital organs from damage

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4
Q

What are long bones?

A

The bones of the legs and arms. Long bones support the weight of the body and help with gross movements

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5
Q

What are articulating bones? Provide an example.

A

Where two or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint. EG- humerus and radius/ulna.

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6
Q

Explain the term flexion

A

Decreasing the angle of the bones at a joint.

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7
Q

Explain the term extension

A

Increasing the angle of bones at a joint.

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8
Q

Explain the term abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

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9
Q

Explain the term adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of the body.

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10
Q

Explain the movement plantar flexion

A

Pointing the toes at the ankle.

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11
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Bands of fibres that are attached to the bones and link the joints together.

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12
Q

What are tendons?

A

Very strong cords that join the muscles to the bone

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13
Q

What is an eccentric contraction?

A

Lengthening of the muscles

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14
Q

What is a concentric contraction

A

Shortening of the muscles

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15
Q

Explain the term agonist

A

Muscle or group of muscles responsible for movement.

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16
Q

Explain the term antagonist

A

Muscles that act to produce the opposite movement to the agonist. They work in antagonistic pairs.