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A&P II > 19.3 RBCs > Flashcards

19.3 RBCs Flashcards

1
Q

hemoglobin (Hb)

% of RBC proteins

A

red pigment that binds and transports oxygen & CO2. Hb accounts for 95% of RBC’s intracellular proteins

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2
Q

RBC count

in males? females?

A

number of RBCs per microliter

males: 4.5-6.3 million RBCs
females: 4.2-5.5 million RBCs

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3
Q

blood of an average adult contains ___ RBCs

A

25 trillion

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4
Q

RBCs account for ___ of cells in the human body

A

1/3

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5
Q

rouleaux

A

stacks of red blood cells formed in narrow blood vessels

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6
Q

RBC diameter

A

7.8 micrometers

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7
Q

RBC thickness

A

2.85 micrometers

center narrows to .8 micrometers

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8
Q

lifespan of RBC

A

<120 days

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9
Q

because RBC’s lack _____ & _____ they cannot divide or synthesize structural proteins

A

nuclei and ribosomes

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10
Q

RBCs also lack _____, so they obtain energy through anaerobic metabolism of glucose

A

mitochondria

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11
Q

nromal ranges of Hb content (males/females)

A

male: 14-18 g/dl
female: 12-16 g/dl

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12
Q

Hb structure

A
  • quaternary
  • 2 alpha chains, 2 beta chains
  • each chain is a globular protein subunit and contains single molecule of heme
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13
Q

heme

A

non-protein pigment complex

-holds iron ion, interacts w/ oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)

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14
Q

oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)

A

hemoglobin molecule whose iron is bound to oxygen

-bright red

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15
Q

deoxyhemoglobin (HbO2)

A

hemoglobin molecule whose iron is not bound to oxygen

-dark red

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16
Q

fetal hemoglobin

A

binds to oxygen more readily, can “steal” oxygen from maternal bloodstream

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17
Q

hydroxyurea/butyrate

A

stimulate production of fetal hemoglobin in adults

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18
Q

each RBC contains ______ Hb molecules

A

280 million

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19
Q

carbaminohemoglobin

A

Hb bound to CO2

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20
Q

anemia

A
  • results from low hematocrit, reduced Hb content of RBCs, or low RBC count
  • interferes with oxygen delivery
  • weakness, lethargy, confusion.. organ function deteriorates
21
Q

RBC travels ____ miles in 120 days

A

700

22
Q

% of RBCs replaced each day?

A

1%

23
Q

how many new RBCs enter bloodstream each second?

A

3 million

24
Q

hemoglobinuria

A

red-brown urine resulting from large number of broken down RBCs

25
Q

hematuia

A

presence of intact RBCs in urine

-result of kidney damage of damaged vessels along urinary tract

26
Q

biliverdin

A

organic compound with green color.. result of heme unit being stripped of iron

27
Q

bilirubin

A

converted from biliverdin

  • orange-yellow pigment
  • excreted in bile
  • causes jaundice if not excreted properly
28
Q

bilirubin gets converted to pigments _____ & _____, which are converted to _____ & _____ when exposed to oxygen

A
  • urobilinogens & stercobilinogens

- urobilins (yellow) & stercobilins (brown)

29
Q

transferrin

A

plasma protein that binds to iron in bloodstream

30
Q

iron is stored in two protein-iron complexes:

A

ferritin & hemosiderin

31
Q

only site of RBC production in adults

A

red bone marrow

32
Q

erythropoiesis (occurs in what tissue?)

A

RBC formation.. occurs in myeloid tissue (red bone marrow)

33
Q

myeloid tissue location

A

vertebrae, sternum, ribs, skull, scapulae, pelvis, and proximal limb bones

34
Q

hematologists

A

blood specialists

35
Q

hemocytoblasts

A

multipotent stem cells.. produce:

  1. myeloid stem cells (divide into RBCs and several classes of WBCs)
  2. lymphoid stem cells (divide into various lymphocytes)
36
Q

stages of RBC maturation

A

1) proerythroblast, 2) basophilic erythroblast, 3) polychromatophilic erythroblast 4) normoblast, 5-7) reticulocyte
- ->mature RBC

37
Q

reticulocytes make up __% of RBC population in blood

A

0.8%

38
Q

erythropoiesis requires adequate supplies of (three things)

A

amino acids, iron, & vitamins (B12, B6, & folic acid)

39
Q

in order to absorb vitamin B12, we need

A

intrinsic factor (produced in stomach)

40
Q

causes of pernicious anemia

A

possible causes: B12 deficiency, problem with intrinsic factor production, or problem with absorption of B12 bound to intrinsic factor

41
Q

erythropoiesis is indirectly stimulated by

A

T4, androgens, and GH

42
Q

hypoxia

A

low oxygen levels in tissues

43
Q

EPO 2 major effects:

A

1) stimulates cell division rates in erythroblassts and in stem cells that produce erythroblasts, 2) speeds up RBC maturation by accelerating Hb synthesis

44
Q

blood doping & EPO administration

A

can raise hematocrit to 65+, placing intolerable strain on the heart

45
Q

elevated hematocrit (may reflect erythrocytosis or leukocytosis)

A

polycythemia

46
Q

Reticulocyte count (retic.) is elevated

A

reticulocytosis

47
Q

elevated RBC count

A

erythrocytosis/polycythemia

48
Q

MCV (mean corpuscular volume)

A

(normal = 82-101 cubic micrometers)

elevated: macrocytic
depressed: microcytic

49
Q

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)

A

(normal = 27-34 pg/microliter)

elevated: hyperchromic
depressed: hypochromic

A&P II (10 decks)

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