1.9: Serge Moscovici et al. (1969) Flashcards Preview

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1
Q

Serge Moscovici claimed that if majority influence was all-powerful, what would we all do?

A

Serge Moscovici claimed that if majority influence was all-powerful, we would all:
1. Think
2. Behave
the same

2
Q

Serge Moscovici claimed that if majority influence was all-powerful, we would all think and behave the same.
Moscovici pointed out that what, like Christianity, start with what?

A

Moscovici pointed out that major social movements, like Christianity, start with:
1. An individual
Or,
2. A small group

3
Q

Serge Moscovici claimed that if majority influence was all-powerful, we would all think and behave the same.
Moscovici pointed out that major social movements, like Christianity, start with an individual or a small group and that without such influences, there would be no what in society?

A

Moscovici pointed out that:

  1. Major social movements, like Christianity, start with an individual or a small group
  2. Without such influences, there would be no innovation in society
4
Q

Serge Moscovici claimed that if majority influence was all-powerful, we would all think and behave the same.
Moscovici pointed out that major social movements, like Christianity, start with an individual or a small group and that without such influences, there would be no innovation in society.
What did Moscovici set out to do?

A

Moscovici set out to investigate this claim

5
Q

What was the aim of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study?

A

The aim of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was to investigate the role of a consistent minority upon the opinions of a majority in an unambiguous situation

6
Q

What was the method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study?

A

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind

7
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into how many groups of how many?

A

They were paced into 32 groups of 6

8
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, what were there?

A

In each group, there were:

  1. 4 real participants
  2. 2 confederates
9
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
What were participants told?

A

Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception

10
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception.
What was each group shown?

A

Each group was shown 36 blue slides

11
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception.
Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters doing what?

A

Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters varying the intensity of the colour

12
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception.
Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters varying the intensity of the colour, so all of the slides were what?

A

Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters varying the intensity of the colour, so all of the slides were different shades of blue

13
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception.
Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters varying the intensity of the colour, so all of the slides were different shades of blue.
In the consistent condition, condition A, what happened?

A

In the consistent condition, condition A, the confederates answered incorrectly that the slides were green

14
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception.
Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters varying the intensity of the colour, so all of the slides were different shades of blue.
In the consistent condition, condition A, the confederates answered incorrectly that the slides were green.
In the inconsistent condition, condition B, what happened?

A

In the inconsistent condition, condition B, the confederates said that:

  1. 24 of the slides were green
  2. 12 of the slides were blue
15
Q

The method and procedure of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study was that 172 participants were tested to ensure that they were not colour blind.
They were placed into 32 groups of 6.
In each group, there were 4 real participants and 2 confederates.
Participants were told that it was an investigation into perception.
Each group was shown 36 blue slides, with filters varying the intensity of the colour, so all of the slides were different shades of blue.
In the consistent condition, condition A, the confederates answered incorrectly that the slides were green.
In the inconsistent condition, condition B, the confederates said that 24 of the slides were green and 12 of the slides were blue.
How were answers given?

A

Answers were given verbally in the presence of the rest of the group

16
Q

What are the findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study?

A

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that in a control group of no confederates, only 0.25% of the participants reported any green slides

17
Q

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that:

  1. In a control group of no confederates, only 0.25% of the participants reported any green slides.
  2. In the consistent condition, condition A, participants answered ‘green’ in what % of the trials?
A

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that in the consistent condition, condition A, participants answered ‘green’ in 8.2% of the trials

18
Q

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that:

  1. In a control group of no confederates, only 0.25% of the participants reported any green slides.
  2. In the consistent condition, condition A, participants answered ‘green’ in 8.2% of the trials, with what % of participants answering ‘green’ on at least one slide?
A

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that in the consistent condition, condition A, participants answered ‘green’ in 8.2% of the trials, with 32% of participants answering ‘green’ on at least one slide

19
Q

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that:

  1. In a control group of no confederates, only 0.25% of the participants reported any green slides.
  2. In the consistent condition, condition A, participants answered ‘green’ in 8.2% of the trials, with 32% of participants answering ‘green’ on at least one slide.
  3. In the inconsistent condition, condition B, participants answered ‘green’ in what % of the trials?
A

The findings of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that in the inconsistent condition, condition B, participants answered ‘green’ in 1.25% of the trials

20
Q

What are the conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study?

A

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25%

21
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows what?

A

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure:

  1. It is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25%
  2. So shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable
22
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable.
What can minorities do?

A

Minorities can influence majorities

23
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable.
Minorities can influence majorities.
Minority influence is strongest when the minority is what in their views?

A

Minority influence is strongest when the minority is consistent in their views

24
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable.
Minorities can influence majorities.
Minority influence is strongest when the minority is consistent in their views.
When a minority is inconsistent in their views, they are what and have little to no what?

A

When a minority is inconsistent in their views, they:

  1. Are less influential
  2. Have little to no impact
25
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable.
Minorities can influence majorities.
Minority influence is strongest when the minority is consistent in their views.
When a minority is inconsistent in their views, they are less influential and have little to no impact.
Example

A

For example, smoking inside public places like restaurants

26
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable.
Minorities can influence majorities.
Minority influence is strongest when the minority is consistent in their views.
When a minority is inconsistent in their views, they are less influential and have little to no impact.
For example, smoking inside public places like restaurants.
A minority believed that this shouldn’t happen and now there is what in place to stop it from happening?

A

A minority believed that this shouldn’t happen and now there is legislation in place to stop it from happening

27
Q

The conclusions of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study are that although the consistent condition finding of 8.2% seeming a small figure, it is significantly higher than the inconsistent condition figure of 1.25% and so shows that although minority influence is relatively small, consistency is the important variable.
Moscovici and later research highlighted the importance of what?

A

Moscovici and later research highlighted the importance of:

  1. Consistency
  2. Commitment
  3. Flexibility
28
Q

What is the evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes

29
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, what was there?

A

In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement

30
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants doing what?

A

In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides

31
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used what participants?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that Moscovici only used female participants

32
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought what?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours

33
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, what?

A

The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males

34
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, what does conformity research suggest?

A

Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist

35
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Why is Moscovici’s study unethical?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit

36
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means what?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means that informed consent could not be given

37
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means that informed consent could not be given.
Participants may also have endured what?

A

Participants may also have endured mild stress

38
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means that informed consent could not be given.
Participants may also have endured mild stress.
4. What does the study not identify?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that the study does not identify important factors in minority influence

39
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means that informed consent could not be given.
Participants may also have endured mild stress.
4. The study does not identify important factors in minority influence, like what?

A
The evaluation of Moscovici's 'blue-green slide' study is that the study does not identify important factors in minority influence, like:
1. Group size
2. Status
Or,
2. The degree of organisation
40
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means that informed consent could not be given.
Participants may also have endured mild stress.
4. The study does not identify important factors in minority influence, like group size, status or the degree of organisation.
5. What generally support Moscovici’s findings?

A

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that research studies generally support Moscovici’s findings

41
Q

The evaluation of Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study is that:
1. Consistent minorities have even greater influence on private attitudes.
In a separate experiment where participants gave their answers privately in another consistent condition, there was even greater agreement, with more of the participants answering ‘green’ on the slides.
2. Moscovici only used female participants, because he thought that they would be more interested in colours.
The results are not, therefore, generalisable to males.
Generally, however, conformity research suggests that females are more conformist.
3. Moscovici’s study is unethical, because it involved deceit, which means that informed consent could not be given.
Participants may also have endured mild stress.
4. The study does not identify important factors in minority influence, like group size, status or the degree of organisation.
5. Research studies generally support Moscovici’s findings.
Who (what year) found that minority groups that were successful in affecting majorities were what than those that were not?

A

Meyers et al. (2000) found that:
1. Minority groups that were successful in affecting majorities were more consistent
than those
2. Were not

42
Q

When did Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study take place?

A

Moscovici’s ‘blue-green slide’ study took place in 1969

43
Q

Moscovici et al. (1969) demonstrated minority influence in a study where a group of six people were asked to

A

Moscovici et al. (1969) demonstrated minority influence in a study where a group of six people were asked to view a set of 36 blue coloured slides that varied in intensity and then state whether the slides were blue or green

44
Q

Moscovici et al. (1969) demonstrated minority influence in a study where a group of six people were asked to view a set of 36 blue coloured slides that varied in intensity and then state whether the slides were blue or green.
In each group

A

In each group there were 2 confederates who consistently said the slides were green on two thirds of the trials

45
Q

Moscovici et al. (1969) demonstrated minority influence in a study where a group of six people were asked to view a set of 36 blue coloured slides that varied in intensity and then state whether the slides were blue or green.
In each group there were 2 confederates who consistently said the slides were green on two thirds of the trials.
The participants

A

The participants gave the same wrong answer on 8.42% of trials and 32% of the participants gave the same answer as the minority on at least one trial

46
Q

Moscovici et al. (1969) demonstrated minority influence in a study where a group of six people were asked to view a set of 36 blue coloured slides that varied in intensity and then state whether the slides were blue or green.
In each group there were 2 confederates who consistently said the slides were green on two thirds of the trials.
The participants gave the same wrong answer on 8.42% of trials and 32% of the participants gave the same answer as the minority on at least one trial.

A second group of participants

A

A second group of participants were exposed to an inconsistent minority and agreement fell to 1.25%

47
Q

Moscovici et al. (1969) demonstrated minority influence in a study where a group of six people were asked to view a set of 36 blue coloured slides that varied in intensity and then state whether the slides were blue or green.
In each group there were 2 confederates who consistently said the slides were green on two thirds of the trials.
The participants gave the same wrong answer on 8.42% of trials and 32% of the participants gave the same answer as the minority on at least one trial.

A second group of participants were exposed to an inconsistent minority and agreement fell to 1.25%.
For a third group

A

For a third group there were no confederates and all participants had to do was identify the colour of each slide.
They got this wrong on just 0.25% of the trials, emphasising the influence of consistency

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