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A&P II > 18.3 Pituitary gland > Flashcards

18.3 Pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

sella turcica

A

depression in the shpenoid; where pituitary gland lies

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2
Q

pituitary gland hangs inferior to the

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

infundibulum

A

structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

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4
Q

pituitary gland is held in position by

A

sellar diaphragm

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5
Q

All nine hormones secreted by the pituitary gland use _______ as a second messenger

A

cAMP

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6
Q

anterior lobe of pituitary is AKA

A

adenohypophysis

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7
Q

Regions of anterior lobe

A
  1. pars distalis
  2. pars tuberalis
  3. pars intermedia
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8
Q

pars distalis

A

largest and most anterior portion of pituitary gland

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9
Q

pars tuberalis

A

wraps around adjacent portion of infundibulum

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10
Q

pars intermedia

A

narrow band bordering posterior lobe

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11
Q

fenestrated capillaries

Near what region?

A

unusually permeable capillaries (near median eminence)

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12
Q

portal vessels

A

blood vessels that link two capillary networks (in this case, portal veins)

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13
Q

releasing hormone (RH)

A

stimulates the secretion of one or more hormones at the anterior lobe

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14
Q

inhibiting hormone (IH)

A

prevents synthesis and secretion of hormones from anterior lobe

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15
Q

hormone secreted by pars intermedia

A

MSH

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16
Q

TSH

AKA, stimulation, and effects

A

AKA: thyrotropin

  • released in response to TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone
  • triggers release of thyroid hormones
17
Q

ACTH

AKA, stimulation, and effects

A

AKA: corticotropin

  • released in response to CRH
  • stimulates release of steroid hormones by adrenal cortex.. specifically targets cells that produce gluccocorticoids
18
Q

gonadotropins

hormones and stimulation

A

hormones that regulate activities of testes and ovaries…. FSH and LH
-production stimulated by GnRH

19
Q

hypogonadism

A

abnormally low level of gonadotropin production. People with this condition do not mature sexually, and cannot produce functional sperm or oocytes

20
Q

FSH

AKA and effects

A

AKA: follitropin

  • stimulates follicle growth in females, and nurse cells (aid in sperm development) in males
  • FSH + LH stimulates secretion of estrogen by ovarian cells in females
  • release of inhibin from testes and ovaries
21
Q

most important estrogen

A

estradiol

22
Q

LH

AKA and effects

A

AKA: lutropin

  • FEMALES: induces ovulation, promotes secretion of estrogens and progestins (prepare body for possible pregnancy)
  • MALES: stimulates production of androgens by the interstitial cells of the testes
23
Q

most important androgen

A

testosterone

24
Q

PRL

AKA, stimulation/inhibition, and effects

A

AKA: mammotropin

  • PRL stimulates PIH (dopamine) release and inhibits secretion of PRF (prolactin releasing factors)
  • stimulates: mammary gland development, milk production during pregnancy
  • in males: helps regulate androgen production and makes interstitial cells more sensitive to LH
25
Q

GH

AKA, stimulation/inhibition, and effects

A

AKA: somatotropin

  • regulated by GH-RH and GH-IH
  • stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis
  • liver responds by releasing somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors IGF that stimulate tissue growth)
26
Q

MSH

AKA, stimulation/inhibition, and effects

A

AKA: melanotropin

  • dopamine inhibits release of MSH
  • secreted by pars intermedia
  • increases production of melanin by melanocytes
  • usually no MSH in bloodstream
27
Q

posterior lobe of pituitary gland is AKA:

A

neurohypophysis.. contains axons of hypothalamic neurons

28
Q

neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei manufacture…

A

ADH and OXT respectively.

-hormones move along axons in infundibulum to capillaries in posterior lobe.. “axoplasmic transport”

29
Q

ADH

AKA, stimulation/inhibition, and effects

A

AKA: vasopressin (VP)

  • released in response to rise in solute concentration in blood, or a fall in blood volume or blood pressure.. detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
  • decrease water loss at kidneys.
  • alcohol inhibits release
30
Q

How does ADH in high concentrations effect blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction: narrowing of peripheral blood vessels.. elevates blood pressure.

31
Q

OXT

stimulation/inhibition, and effects

A
  • stimulates smooth muscle contractions in uterus, promoting labor and delivery. (most of this hormone is secreted by uterus and fetus)
  • after delivery, promotes ejection of milk by stimulating contraction of myoepithelial cells around alveoli. Neuroendocrine reflex: milk let-down reflex
32
Q

OXT during sex

A

levels peak at orgasm.
-causes smooth muscle contractions that may be important to ejaculation; contractions of uterus may help transport sperm toward uterine tubes

33
Q

diabetes insipidus

cause, effects, treatment

A

posterior pituitary doesn’t release adequate amounts of ADH. results in polyuria (excessive urine production).
-treated with desmopressin

34
Q

glucocorticoids

A

cortisol and corticosterone

A&P II (10 decks)

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