1.8.2 Speciation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 1.8.2 Speciation Deck (13)
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1
Q

speciation

A
  • the process by which new species arise. Geographic isolation, genetic divergence, and reproductive isolation can lead to speciation
2
Q

adaptive radiation

A
  • the evolution of many related species from an ancestral species in a relatively short time. Adaptive radiation can occur when the ancestral species exploits many new ecological niches.
3
Q

geographical isolation

A
  • can result from geological changes, such as the formation of mountain ranges, development of land
    bridges, or accidental migration because of a storm event. Geographic isolation results in an interrupted
    gene flow between two populations. Eventually populations lose the opportunity to interbreed.
4
Q

genetic divergence

A
  • Once a population is geographically isolated
    from the parent species, changes accumulate in the isolated gene pool (all the genes of the population). These changes, known as genetic divergence, indicate that the genetic makeup of the isolated populations
    differs from the parent species
5
Q

reproductive isolation

A
  • takes place when populations cannot interbreed because they are reproductively isolated.
6
Q

cladogenesis

A
  • describes a pattern of evolutionary change that occurs

when new species branch from existing ones.

7
Q

Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

A
  • the 13 different species of finches Darwin found on the Galapagos islands
8
Q

Speciation is the process by which new species arise. Speciation does not result from which of the following?

A
  • species interbreeding
9
Q

Sometimes, many related species evolve from a single species in a relatively short period of time. This often happens as the ancestral species has the opportunity to adapt to new environmental niches. Which of the following terms is not relevant to this process?

A
  • All of the terms are relevant
10
Q

Geographically isolated populations become separate species when

A
  • they are no longer able to interbreed
11
Q

Allopatric speciation is a form of speciation that occurs when populations become geographically isolated from one another. Geographic isolation may occur when

A
  • continents drift apart.
  • a mountain range separates formerly connected populations.
  • the range of a species is limited by loss of suitable habitat.
12
Q

Under which of the following conditions does adaptive radiation occur?

A
  • A population invades an island that contains a number of unexploited niches and variation in environmental conditions.
13
Q

According to the biological species concept, the term species has been defined as a group of organisms that can breed with one another in a wild, free-ranging condition to produce fertile offspring. For which of the following would this concept be most difficult to apply?

A
  • plants

- sponges

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