17-1: Heart Anatomy Flashcards Preview

A&P 2 - Unit 1 > 17-1: Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in 17-1: Heart Anatomy Deck (29)
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1
Q

In the cardiovascular system, the _ is the pump, the _ are the delivery routes, and the _ is the transport medium

A

heart; blood vessels; blood

2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

anterior to vertebral column, posterior to sternum, between the lungs in the thoracic cavity.

3
Q

apex

A

pointed end of the heart, pointing down and left, resting against diaphragm

4
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

endocardium > myocardium > epicardium

5
Q

endocardium

A

lines inside of heart; thin layer of epithelial tissue resting on a layer of connective tissue

6
Q

myocardium

A

thick layer of cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart wall; responsible for contraction

7
Q

epicardium

A

thin, transparent outer layer; aka visceral layer of the serous pericardium

8
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium, which has a parietal and visceral layer

9
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough outer layer of dense connective tissue that prevents overfilling, protects, and anchors the heart in place

10
Q

serous pericardium

A

thin, slippery, delicate membrane deep to the fibrous layer, made of parietal and visceral layers with serous fluid between

11
Q

parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

outer layer of serous pericardium, lining the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

12
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

inner layer, attached to myocardium (also known as epicardium)

13
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

excess of serous fluid compressing the heart and limiting its ability to pump blood

14
Q

atria

A

smaller, superior “receiving” chambers that receive blood from veins

15
Q

The 2 atria are separated by the _ and the 2 ventricles are separated by the _. The atria and the ventricles are separated from each other by _.

A

interatrial septum; interventricular septum; connective tissue forming the valves

16
Q

auricle

A

external “flap” on the outside of each atria

17
Q

ventricles

A

larger, inferior thick walled chambers that discharge blood into the arteries

18
Q

coronary sulcus

A

a groove that separates the atria from the ventricles externally, containing coronary blood vessels and fat

19
Q

valves

A

structures of dense connective tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards into the heart.

20
Q

Heart valves open and close in response to __.

A

differences in blood pressure on both sides

21
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

lie between atria and ventricles on both sides; prevent back flow of blood from ventricles into atria during contraction

22
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between right atrium and ventricle; has 3 cusps

23
Q

bicuspid valve

A

between left atrium and ventricle; has 2 cusps (aka mitral valve)

24
Q

papillary muscles

A

muscles on the inner surface of the ventricles

25
Q

cordae tendonae

A

tiny white cords anchoring the cusps to the papillary muscles; keep valve from being inverted into the atria

26
Q

When atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure , the AV valves ___; when atrial pressure is lower than ventricular pressure, the AV valves ___.

A

open; close

27
Q

semilunar valves

A

consist of half-moon shaped cusps; lie between the ventricles and large arteries leaving the heart

28
Q

pulmonary SL valve

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

29
Q

aortic SL valve

A

between left ventricle and aorta