16-6: Blood DIseases Flashcards Preview

A&P 2 - Unit 1 > 16-6: Blood DIseases > Flashcards

Flashcards in 16-6: Blood DIseases Deck (26)
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1
Q

anemia

A

any condition that reduces the ability of the blood to deliver O2 to the tissues, due to a drop in the number of RBCs or the amount of normal hemoglobin

2
Q

What are the symptoms of anemia?

A

fatigue (not enough O2 to produce ATP), shortness of breath, pale skin, cold intolerage

3
Q

nutritional anemia

A

diet lacking in Fe, essential vitamins or amino acids

4
Q

What is the treatment for nutritional anemia?

A

improve diet, Fe supplement

5
Q

pernicious anemia

A

inability to produce enough RBCs because intestins are not absorbing vitamin B12 (at risk: vegetarians, elderly)

6
Q

What is the treatment for pernicious anemia?

A

intramuscular injections of B12 or nasal gel

7
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

shorter than normal lifespan for RBCs - may be caused by genetic defect in RBCs, parasites (eg malaria), toxins, or mismatch blood; treatment depends on cause

8
Q

aplastic anemia

A

desturction of bone marrow by toxins, radiation, or certain drugs, resulting in a decline of all blood cells

9
Q

What is the treatment for aplastic anemia?

A

transfusions of healthy blood, bone marrow transplant

10
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

inherited gene results in abnormal hemoglobin that bends into a sickle shape when O2 levels are low; this results in deformed RBCs that rupture easily, and also tends to stick in blood vessels, cutting off blood supply to organs

11
Q

What is the treatment for sickle cell anemia?

A

analgestics for pain, antibiotics for infection, transfusion therapy, the drug HYDROXYURIA

12
Q

What are symtoms for sickle cell anemia?

A

severe anemia, bone pain, fever, infections (eg. leg ulcers), strokes, gasping for air

13
Q

hemorrhagic anemia

A

decline in RBCs due to excessive loss of blood

14
Q

What are causes of hemorrhagic anemia?

A

acute - large wounds

chronic - stomach ulcers, hemorrhoids, or heavy menstrual bleeding

15
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

a highly contagious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; usually transmitted through saliva; most common in young adults ages 15-20

16
Q

What is the diagnosis for infectious mononucleosis?

A

elevated WBCs (CBC) with an excessive number of abnormal agranulocytes (differential)

17
Q

What are some symptoms for infectious mononucleosis?

A

extreme fatigue, aches, dizzy, sore throat, enlarged and tender lymph nodes, low grade fever, malaise

18
Q

What is the treatment for infectious mononucleosis?

A

no cure - runs its course in a month; rest and vitamin B

19
Q

leukemia

A

“white blood condition” - group of cancers of the blood forming tissues

20
Q

acute leukemia

A

uncontrolled production and accumulation of immature WBCs - too immature to function

21
Q

chronic leukemia

A

accumulation of too many mature WBCs that do not die at the end of their normal life span - too old to function

22
Q

What are the symptoms of leukemia?

A

anemia, bleeding/internal hemorrhages, fever, weight loss, uncontrolled infection, bone pain

23
Q

What is the treatment for leukemia?

A

radiation and chemo may induce remission, bone marrow transplant

24
Q

myeloid leukemia

A

affects granulocytes, RBCs, platelets, monocytes

25
Q

lymphoid leukemia

A

affects lymphocytes

26
Q

How is leukemia classified?

A

acute or chronic
which stem cell is affected - myeloid or lymphoid

eg. CML - chronic myeloid leukemia