16-17

Question 1

Motivating Operation

Answer 1

An environmental variable that
(a) alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some S, object, or event and
(b) alters the current f of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that S, object or event.
Ex: being hungry, being satisfied

Question 2

2 main effects of MOs

Answer 2

Evocative effect and abative effect

Question 3

Describe methods of transferring stimulus from prompts to “instructional” (or other “naturally-occurring”) stimuli

Answer 3

• Most-to-least prompts: physical guidance to visual prompts to verbal instructions to natural stim
• Graduated guidance-fading physical prompts by moving hands away from participant
• Least-to-most prompts-ex instructions, non-specific verbal prompts, modeling, and then physical prompting
• Time delay-waiting to provide a stimulus

Includes stimulus control shaping?
Stimulus and stim shape transformations

Question 4

SD

Answer 4

Discriminative Stimulus-S in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and the the absence of which the same type of responses have occured and not been reinforced

Question 5

How is an SD established?

Answer 5

History of differential reinforcement; organism receives Sr in presence

Question 6

S-delta

Answer 6

A S in the presence of which a given R has not produced reinforcement in the past

Question 7

Stimulus equivalence

Answer 7

The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced S-S relations following the reinforcement of R to some S-S relations

Question 8

3 tests for stimulus equivalence

Answer 8

• Reflexivity- occurs when in the absence of training and Sr a response will select a S that is matched to itself
• Symmetry-occurs with the reversibility of the sample stimulus and comparison stimulus
• Transitivity-a derived (untrained) S-S relation that emerges as a product of training two other S-S relations

Question 9

Stim Discrimination

Answer 9

Needed in concept formation to tell the difference between classes of stim. (Stim Gen is needed within the class)

Question 10

Stim Generalization

Answer 10

When an antecedent stim has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by S that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stim.
Needed in concept formation within classes of stim. (Stim discrim is needed between the classes)

Question 11

What are some important pre-rec skills before you can establish stimulus control over a given behavior?

Answer 11

Looking at instructional materials, looking at teacher when a response is modeled, listening to oral instructions, and sitting quietly for short periods of time