16-1: Characteristics and functions of blood Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 16-1: Characteristics and functions of blood Deck (23)
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1
Q

The human body is __% water, found in 2 main compartments: ___ and ___.

A

60%; intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid

2
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid found inside all body’s cells - 2/3 of all body fluid is ICF

3
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid found outside cells - 1/3 of body fluid

4
Q

What are the main two types of ECF?

A

interstitial fluid - ECF found in tiny spaces between tissue cells

plasma - ECF found inside blood vessels

5
Q

What are the types of interstitial fluid?

A

lymph - found in lymphatic vessels

CSF - found around brain and spinal cord

Synovial fluid - inside of synovial joints

Fluid of the eyes - aqueous and vitreous humor

Fluid of the ears - endolymph and perilymph

6
Q

Blood is the only ___ tissue in the body, and is a type of ___ tissue, made of ____ scattered in a ____.

A

fluid; connective; living blood cells; extracellular matrix (plasma)

7
Q

What is the pH range of blood?

A

7.35 to 7.45

8
Q

Blood temperature is about __.

A

38 deg. C (100.4 deg. F)

9
Q

Blood salinity is about __.

A

0.9%

10
Q

An avg adult male has between ___ L of blood; an adult female has between ___ L.

A

male: 5-6 L
female: 4-5 L

11
Q

Oxygen-rich blood is ___ in color and oxygen-poor blood is ___.

A

bright red; dark red

12
Q

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport (RBCs and plasma)
  2. Protection
  3. Regulation
13
Q

What are the three transport functions of blood?

A
  1. O2 from lungs to cells, CO2 from cells to lungs
  2. Nutrients from GI tract to cells, and metabolic wastes away from cells to kidneys
  3. Hormones from endocrine grands to target cells
14
Q

What are the two protection functions of blood?

A
  1. fluid loss through clotting mechanism (platelets)

2. foreign invaders (WBCs)

15
Q

What are the three regulation functions of blood?

A
  1. body temperature (due to high specific heat of water and skin capillaries controlling heat loss)_
  2. Body pH (through blood buffer systems)
  3. Water content of the cells (osmotic pressure; through ions and proteins of blood)
16
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Plasma - 55% of volume

Formed elements - solid, living component at the bottom of the tube:
> RBCs - 45%
>buffy coat (>1%, WBCs and platelets)

17
Q

plasma

A

clear, yellowish-colored matrix portion of blood (rises to the top of tube)

90% H2O (acts as a solvent, absorbs heat)

Carries most of the molecules needed by the cells

18
Q

What are some examples of molecules carried in the plasma?

A

glucose, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, some dissolved gasses

19
Q

The most abundant group of solutes in the plasma are a group of ____.

A

plasma proteins (about 8%)

20
Q

albumins

A

makes the blood viscous, maintains water balance between blood and tissues

21
Q

globulins

A

include antibodies that help defend the body against foreign invaders

22
Q

clotting proteins

A

essential role in blood clotting (eg. fibrinogen)

23
Q

Formed elements

A

the solid, living component, made of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets