15. Biological Rhythms: Infradian And Ultradian Rhythms AO1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 15. Biological Rhythms: Infradian And Ultradian Rhythms AO1 Deck (25)
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1
Q

What are the three types of biological rhythms?

A
  1. Circadian
  2. Infradian
  3. Ultradian
2
Q

Give an example of an infradian rhythm

A

The menstrual cycle

3
Q

How long is the human female menstrual cycle?

A

About 28 days

4
Q

What might exogenous zeitgebers do?

A

Synchronise menestral cycle

5
Q

What did Stern and McClintock study?

A

29 women with irregular periods

6
Q

What was Stern and McClintock procedure?

A

Pheromones were taken from some at different stages of the cycles via a cotton pad under their armpits
These pads were cleaned with alcohol and later rubbed on the upper lips of other participants

7
Q

What did Stern and McClintock find?

A

68% of women experienced changes to the cycle which brought them closer to the cycle of their odour donor

8
Q

What does SAD mean?

A

Seasonal affective disorder, another infradian rhythm

9
Q

What is SAD?

A

A depressive disorder (low mood, lack of activity) with a seasonal pattern
Often called the winter blues because symptoms are triggered during winter months when daylight hours becomes shorter

10
Q

What kind of infradian rhythm is SAD

A

Circannual (yearly) cycle

11
Q

What my SAD be cause by?

A

The mormone melatonin

12
Q

What happens during the night?

A

The pineal gland secretes melatonin until dawn when there is an increase in light

13
Q

What occur during the winter

A

The lack of light in the morning means the secretion goes on for longer

14
Q

What does longer secretion cause

A

A knock-on-effect of the production of serotonin in the brain

15
Q

Give an example of an ultradian rhythm

A

Stages of sleep

16
Q

Outline the idea that stages of sleep ate an ultradian rhythm

A

Sleep pattern occurs in 90 minute periods, divided into five stages, each characterised by different level of brainwave activity

17
Q

How is brain wave activity measured

A

EEG

18
Q

How many stages of sello have been identified

A

5

19
Q

What are stages 1 & 2 of sleep

A

Light sleep - person may be easily woken - Brain waves become slower and more rhythmic slowing further as sleep becomes deeper

20
Q

What are Alpha waves?

A

Brain waves become slower and more rhythmic

21
Q

What are Beta waves?

A

Brain waves slowdown further asleep becomes deeper

22
Q

What are stages 3 & 4 of sleep

A

Deep sleep - difficult to rouse someone - slow wave sleep characterised by delta waves

23
Q

What is stage 5

A

R.E.M. sleep - fast jerky activity of eyes - body paralysed yet brain actively speed up

24
Q

What does R.E.M. stand for

A

Rapid eye movement

25
Q

What is phototherapy

A

A lightbox stimulates strong light in the morning and evening