It is natural for weeds to fill empty niches in cropping systems.
True
Weeds can be classified by the environments by which they grow.
True
Crop plants are never weeds.
False
Biennial weeds flower in the first year.
False
Most dicots are easier to kill than monocots.
True
A weed must be alive in order to demonstrate allelopathic traits.
False
Over 95% of the corn and cotton crops are treated with herbicides.
True
Weeds can interfere with harvesting equipment
True
Weed seed tends to be bigger than crop seed.
False
Animals do not have a significant role in weed dispersal.
False
Insecticides are used more than any other pesticide,
False
It is a violation of federal law in a manner inconsistent with its labeling
True
Selective herbicides affect almost all plants
False
Different crop species select for different weed species
True
A disadvantage for biological control is the possibility of affecting non target species
True
Tillage is an effective strategy of weed control regardless of species
False
The main concern with atrazine is leeching and accumulation in surface and ground water
True
Management of plant disease depends on whether the disease is biotic or abioitc
True
The life cycle of a fungus can involve only one type of spore
False
Mycelium is a symptom of fungal disease
True/False
Scab is more likely to be a problem in dry/cool areas
False
Smut can overwinter in soil plant debris and seed
True
Most fungal agents that cause post harvest diseases are introduced to the affected seed
False
Bacterial wilt of alfalfa is less an issue today because of resistant varieties
True
Plant pathogenic viruses are generally composed of Dna enclosed in a protein case
False
Viruses can enter the plant through the stomata
False
Fungi can transmit viruses to a plant
True
A method to control viral diseases is the use of pesticides
False
Insect that damage plants all have mouthparts that pierce
False
Many batericides are copper based
True
Contact insecticides, once absorbed by the insect, attack the nervous and respiratory systems
True
UG99 stem rust has the potential to threaten 20% of the worlds food supply
True
A bushel of corn or soybean weighs 60 lbs.
False
Seeds at psychological maturity are dry enough for storage
False
Generally when soybeans are harvested, the leaves have fallen off the plant
True
After combining, grain is clean of residue
False
Above optimum moisture levels in seeds increase the rate of respiration
True
Grain storage always improves grain quality
False
The decision to dry grain crops artificially vs naturally can be dependent on energy
True
Harvest forages generally contain mature seed
False
Silage yields are usually up to 50% higher per acre than hay yields
True
High cell wall content is associated with increased intake and digestibility
False
Many modern beef and dairy operation rely more on stored grains than on grazing
True
The process of fermentation during silage production turns lactic acid into glucose
False
Cotton is mature when the bowels begin to close
False
Sugar content is the most important quality for sugar beets
False
Potato size is the main determinate in harvesting
True
Organic producers are allowed to use GMOs
False
Organic agriculture promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and environment
True
About 10 % of cropland in the US is certified organic
False
Organic farmers are inspected by governmental agencies for certification
True
Organic food tends to be more expensive
True
The term ‘natural’ on a label is equivalent to organic
False
The term ‘local’ is regulated by the USDA
False
An example of a cultural weed method is tillage
False
One disadvantage to delayed planting is potentially lower yields
True
Organic farmers choose either cultural or mechanical weed control to manage their weeds
False
For organic crops that are used for human consumption raw manure can be applied at any growing season
False
Corn cannot persist without human cultivation
True
Some corn hybrids are adapted to grow in places with a growing season as short as 70 days
True
Flour corn is more resistant to fungi and insects than is flint corn
False
Most corn grown today is hybrid corn
True
Wheat is adapted to warm tropical climates
False
Soft wheat has a greater protein content compared to hard wheat
False
Rice is a primary grain crop for over 50 percent of the world’s population
True
Rice is very productive when grows under drier conditions
True
Rice is very productive when grown under drier conditions
False
Wild rice is commonly used as a livestock feed.
False
Barley can be used as a substitute for wheat in making raised bread
False
Oats are still valued as a feed for horses
True
Sorghum ranks fourth in importance world wide as a human food crop after corn, rice, and wheat
True
Rice in most of the world is cultivated using highly mechanized techniques
True
Sweet sorghum is being investigated as an alternative biofuel
False
The first use of soybeans in NA was as a grain crop
False
The largest producer of soybeans in the world is the US
True
The seed of cultivated soybean is always yellow in colorq
False
Determinate soybean varieties are generally grown in the southern states
False
Soybeans do not require nitrogen fertilizer
True
Peanuts are best adapted to temperature regions
False
Alfalfa can have taproots as deep as 20 feet
True
Seed production of alfalfa is primarily in Cali and other western states
True
Sweet clover was once commonly used as a nitrogen source
True
Vetches are commonly grown in tropical regions as green manure crops
False
Benefits of using native legumes agronomically include natural adaptation and increase yields
True
Most of the field pea production in the US is used as dried peas for soup or …
True
Crimson clover is adapted to hot and dry conditions
False
Other plant families besides the grass and legume families can have crops of economic value
True
Potatoes grow best in heavy clay soils
False
Tobacco crops are generally not allowed to flower and produce seed
True
The use of tobacco in its many forms can cause many health problems
True
Sweet poatatoes can be grown as perennials in tropical areas
True
True yams have modified roots like sweet potatoes
True
Sugar beets contain 50 % sugar at harvest
False
Sugar can is the source of 50 % of the world production of sugar
True
The fiber from cotton is always white
False
Russian scientists are responsible for breeding for large heads and high seed production in lettuce
True
Tobacco growers take action to promote flowering when growing tobacco
False
Opium poppy is a source for legal and illegal drugs
True
A plant can be classified as a weed if it:
A. Causes economic loss to a crop
B. Is harmful to Humans and livestock
C. Is detrimental to wildlife or ecosystems
D. All the above
D. All the above
Weeds that are especially injurious are classified by the government as
Noxious
The long term persistence of a certain annual weed species is most likely due to
High seed production
A weed that reproduces asexually is most likely
A perennial
Milk sickness is caused by animal consumption of
White snakeroot
The first offense against weeds is
Prevention of establishment
Which agency of the USDA is responsible for preventing the introduction of noxious weeds
APHIS
Which agency is responsible for approving new herbicides
EPA
When were genetically engineered crops first introduced?
1996
Which type of ingredients are added to a herbicide formulation to facilitate application and increase activity
Inert
LD 50 is the measure of
toxicity
Mode of action for glyphosate is
amino acid synthesis inhibitor
The mode of action for 2,4-D is
Growth Regulator
Mode of action for atrazine is
Photosynthesis inhibitor
Which type of herbicide is applied to foliage
Contact
Which type of herbicide would be most useful on an established perennial weed
Systemic
Which would not be an appropriate strategy to prevent herbicide resistance
Using extra herbicide
Grassy weeds would be easiest to control in which crop
Soybean
The visual response by the plant to the pathogen is
A symptom
Which of the following is not an abiotic disease factor
Parasitic plant
Which of the following organisms reproduced by spores
Fungus
Rust diseases caused by which group of fungi
basidiomycetes
Stem rust can have up to how may different spore stages?
5
Damping of affects which growth stage
seedling
The disease associated with the Salem witch trials is
Ergot
Leaf spots due to bacteria tend to be
Angular
Bacterial wilts occur when the bacteria invade the
Vascular System
Common and halo high affect which crop species
Beans
Vein clearing is a symptom common in
Viral Diseases
Which plant family does tobacco mosaic virus primarily infect?
Potato Family
Aster yellows is caused by which group of organisms?
Mycoplasma- like organisms
Nematodes are a type of
Roundworm
The best strategy for nematode control is
Crop Rotation
The soybean cyst nematode causes damage by
Feeding on roots
The corn earworm feeds on what part of the corn
Kernels
The potential biocontrol being evaluated for use on soybean aphid is
Binodoxys Communis
Corn is typically harvested at moisture levels of
25%
Soybean is typically harvested at grain moisutre levels of
13%
Swathing would most likely be a part of harvesting for which crop
Oats
Manual harvesting of grains was first replaced by whihc machine
The reaper
The minimum temperature for storage fungi growth
40 degrees F
The most frequent cause of loss during grain storage is
Fungi
The loss of forage nutrients during harvest frequently can be up to
25%
Forage feeding value is described as
Forage Quality
Thorns would be categorized as
Anti Quality Factors
As the crop matures from vegetative to Flowering stages, which ofthe following occurs?
Forage yield increases, and quality decreases
The stalking rate is
Animals of Pasture/ Acre
The leading hay crop in the US is
Alfalfa
Drying hay in the field takes about
1-5 Days
What is the most important determinate of quality in a tobacco crop
Nicotine Content
Which of the following is allowed in organic ag
Compost
For how many years must land be without prohibited materials to be certified organic
3 years
How often are certified organic farms inspected
1x a year
In terms of organic sales what are the two largest categories
Fruits/ Veggies and Dairy
The federal program that regualates organic ag in the US is called
The National Organic Program
The term ‘local’ is defined by congress as ‘food grown not further than’ what distance?
400 miles
Yields in organic agriculture as compared to conventional agriculture tend to be
Equivalent
Which is considered to be one of the biggest challenges in organic production
Weed control
A vigorously growing crop that is used to suppress weeds is
Smother crop
PRimary tillage can be performed with which of the following
Moldboard plow
Secondary tillage can be performed with
Harrow
Which of the following weed control operations has the most potential to damage crops
broadcast operations
based on acreage and economic value, which crop is most important in the US
Corn
On a corn plant, the male flowers are called
The tassel
Which is the most widely grown corn type
Dent
Which of the following corn types has very little starch?
Sweet
The leading use of corn is
as livestock feed
Which of the following is known as the staff of life
Wheat
the number of tillers on a wheat plant typically ranges from
3-5
hich type of flower is made by grinding the entire wheat grain
whole wheat flower
which of the following is used as a cereal grain but is actually a member of the Poaceae Family
Buckwheat
Wild rice is a
Cool season annual plant
the two leading states for commercial wild rice production are
Cali and Minnesota
Which of the following grains is known for the cholesterol lowering capability
Oats
Grain Sorghum is grown primarily in which two states
Texas and Kansas
Which of the following is commonly used as a winter cover crop
Rye
Which of the following grains is adapted to high altitudes
quinoa
Which of the following is a native grass with potential usage as a biofuel
Switchgrass
Tall fesque toxosis is due to
fungus and tall fesque
how many maturity groups do soybeans have
13
which of the following would be classified as a field bean
kidney bean
field beans are native to
The Americas
Field beans need to be cooked becasue
the protein will be unavailable
Peanuts are native to
South America
whcih of the following is not generally used as a grain legume
alfalfa
up to how many times can alfalfa be harvested in a season
5 times
which of the following is sown on more acres in the US
red clover
which of the following has stolons
white colver
for which of the following is birdsfoot trefoil most suited
pasture
how much of the peanut crop produced in the united states is consumed as peanuts
50 percent
which of the following is not a typical type for field pea
brown
white potatoes originated in
South America
Which of the following crops is not in the nightshade family
sweet potato
the leading producer of sweet potatoes is
asia
tapioca is made of
cassava
which of the following is a native of North America
Jerusalem artichoke
Taro is grown for which plant part?
corms
Cassava is which of the following
Perennial woody shrub
Seeds are produced in sugar beet in the
second year
plantains are which type of crop?
Starch crop
Opium poppy is grown for which plant parts
sap and seeds
Sugar cane is native to which of the following regions?
The South Pacific and India
The leading fiber crop in the world is
cotton
Where are the fibers of cotton found?
attached to the seeds
Where are the fibers of the flax found
in the stem
the cloth produced from flax is
linen
flax is which of the following
cool season annual
which of the following is NOT used as a fiber crop
sunflower
which of the following is NOT an oil crop?
cotton
Canola is which of the following
a cool season annaul