14.3 Globalisation, Sustainability and Localism Flashcards Preview

HGEO Globalisation > 14.3 Globalisation, Sustainability and Localism > Flashcards

Flashcards in 14.3 Globalisation, Sustainability and Localism Deck (25)
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1
Q

Transition Town (4)

A
  • A settlement
  • Where individuals and businesses have adopted ‘bottom up’ initatives
  • With the aim of boosting sustainability
  • And reducing reliance on global trade
2
Q

Food Miles (3)

A
  • The distance food travels from a farm to a consumer
  • Ranges from local produce, e.g. watts farm
  • To other side of the world, e.g. Fiji water
3
Q

Fiji Water Example (3)

A
  • This brand transports bottled water
  • 20,000km from Fiji to UK supermarkets
  • Example of a product with a huge carbon footrprint
4
Q

Example of Eden Project localism (3)

A
  • 600,000 meals provided annually
  • 80% All food served at the Eden Project is from local suppliers
  • E.g. Cornish Winery ‘Knightor’
5
Q

Consumer Society (3)

A
  • A society in which
  • The buying and selling of goods and services
  • Is the most important social and economic activity
6
Q

Ethical Purchase Statistics (3)

A
  • Ethical purchasing is on the rise in high income nations
  • Due to greater environmental awareness
  • E.g. ethical clothing sales rose by 20% in 2019 in the UK
7
Q

Carbon Footprint (2)

A
  • The amount of carbon dioxide
  • Produced by an individual or an activity
8
Q

Virtual Water / Water footprint (3)

A
  • A measure of the volume of water
  • Used in the production and transport to market
  • Of food and commodities
9
Q

Energy Insecurity Stat (2)

A
  • A 50% increase in global energy use
  • Is predicted by 2035
10
Q

Ecological footprint (5)

A
  • A crude measurement
  • Of the area of land or water
  • Required to provide a person (or society)
  • With the energy, food and resources needed to live
  • And to also absorb waste
11
Q

Costs of Local Sourcing

Consumers (3)

Producers

Environment

A
  • Local sourcing of everyday meat and vegetables can be very expensive
  • Especially for people on low incomes
  • E.g. 14 million people living in poverty in the UK
12
Q

Costs of Local Sourcing

Consumers

Producers (5)

Environment

A
  • Less demand from UK consumers
  • For food from producer countries
  • Means arrested economic development
  • For countries such as Liberia
  • Agriculture is 77% of their GDP
13
Q

Costs of Local Sourcing

Consumers

Producers

Environment (4)

A
  • Tomatoes in the UK
  • Are grown in heated greenhouses and polytunnels in the winter
  • Resulting in a larger carbon footprint
  • Than imported Spanish tomatoes
14
Q

Benefits of Local Sourcing

Consumers (5)

Producers

Environment

A
  • Many small producers in the UK
  • Have adopted organic farming methods
  • E.g. there are 6600 organic operators in the UK
  • Organic crops grown with fewer pesticides
  • Health benefits = higher QOL
15
Q

Benefits of Local Sourcing

Consumers

Producers (4)

Environment

A
  • UK farmers have benefitted
  • From the trend towards local sourcing
  • E.g. Drovers HIll Farm
  • Who sell organic fruit juice
16
Q

Costs of Local Sourcing

Consumers

Producers

Environment (3)

A
  • Local sourcing involves fewer food miles
  • Therefore reducing carbon footprint
  • As transport is minimal
17
Q

Recycling (7)

A
  • Rather than sending manufactured goods to landfill
  • An alternative is to recycle them
  • This reduces the rate at which natural resources are used
  • However, the carbon footprint of recycling is potentially high
  • As energy is required
  • To treat the waste
  • And transport the waste to recycling sites
18
Q

Enviornmental Improvement (4)

A
  • Shenzhen named ‘China’s most Sustainable City’ in 2016
  • Shenzhen became the first major city in the world
  • To roll out an all-electric public bus fleet – 16,000 strong
  • Between 2013 and 2016, levels of toxic PM25 dropped by over 30%
19
Q

Ethical Consumption Schemes (3)

A
  • Fairtrade
  • Supply chain monitoring
  • NGO action
20
Q

Ethical Consumption Actions

  • Fairtrade (3)
  • Supply chain monitoring
  • NGO action
A
  • Examples of Fairtrade produce include coffee and bananas
  • Fairtrade guarentees higher income to farmers
  • Works with 1.65 million farmers
21
Q

Ethical Consumption Evaluation

  • Fairtrade (5)
  • Supply chain monitoring
  • NGO action
A
  • As the no. of schemes grow
  • It becomes harder to ensure that money has been correctly distributed
  • Also, fairtrade benefits farmers of middle income countries
  • e.g. Mexico and South Africa
  • More than low income, e.g. areas of the Sahel
22
Q

Ethical Consumption Evaluation

  • Fairtrade

- Supply chain monitoring (5)

  • NGO action
A
  • TNCs increasingly accept the need for CSR
  • The largest TNCs have thousands of suppliers
  • E.g. BMW Mini Car has 2500 different suppliers
  • So risk of brand being associated with worker exploitation
  • E.g. Rana Plaza Accord
23
Q

Ethical Consumption Evaluation

  • Fairtrade

- Supply chain monitoring (5)

  • NGO action
A
  • For TNCs, it is hard to control what happens
  • In the workplaces of their suppliers’ suppliers
  • Also, for many firms
  • CSR is a profit maximising tool
  • So PR is the main goal rather than human rights
24
Q

Ethical Consumption Actions

  • Fairtrade
  • Supply chain monitoring

- NGO action (4)

A

The charity ‘War on Want’ helped South African fruit pickers

  • E.g. it flew a women called Gertruida
  • To a Tesco shareholder meeting
  • Gertruida explained there was no toilet
  • For female workers at her farm
  • Tesco told the farm they would use a different fruit supplier
  • If conditions didn’t improve
25
Q

Ethical Consumption Evaluation

  • Fairtrade
  • Supply chain monitoring

- NGO action (6)

A
  • NGO’s have limited financial resources
  • Many rely on donations and volenteers
  • This can limit the scale of what they can achieve
  • Or result in slow progress
  • Also, many people remain unaware of, or unconcerned with worker exploitation
  • Seen through the rising sales of fast fashion, e.g. boohoo