14.3 Coping and resilience

Question 1

coping

Answer 1

our ability to manage stress responses and the negative events that generate those responses

Question 2

problem focused coping

Answer 2

developing and action plant to meet the challenge that is the cause of stress

Question 3

emotional focused coping

Answer 3

engaging in strategies to reduce one’s negative emotional reactions

Question 4

positive psychology

Answer 4

the area of psychology that highlights what make us strong in the face of challenges, failure, and tragedy

Question 5

Barbara frederickson

Answer 5

how we perceive the world depends if we are in a positive or negative mood

• broaden and build theory of positive emotions
• found that arousal responses from watching horror movie clips returned to normal faster when participants watched a happy movie after viewing the clips

Question 6

broaden and build theory of positive emotions

Answer 6

experiencing a positive mood provides mental resources that enable us to respond more effectively to life’s challenges
-positive mood is essential for creativity in thinking and problem solving

Question 7

being in a negative mood seems to narrow attention

Answer 7

and directs our focus to picky details

Question 8

being in a positive mood seems to broaden attention

Answer 8

enabling us to become sensitive to new associations and the big picture

Question 9

optimism

Answer 9

a person tends to expect positive things to happen even when they find themselves in a difficult situation
-optimistic explanatory style

Question 10

pessimism

Answer 10

a person expects bad things to happen even when things are going well
-pessimistic explanatory style

Question 11

the mayo clinic found that ppl who were optimistic in the 1960s were 19% more likely to be ____ in the 1990s

Answer 11

alive

Question 12

the nun study

Answer 12

nuns have basically the same lifestyle on all dimensions
-the nuns with more emotionally positive journal entries in their early 20s lived longer than nuns with fewer positive entries

Question 13

personality and coping

Answer 13

higher neuroticism, lower coping
affective negativity can present and obstacle to healthy coping
higher extraversion, higher coping
higher agreeableness, higher coping
higher conscientiousness, higher coping ->better at distancing
higher openness to experience, higher coping

Question 14

distancing

Answer 14

involves controlling negative emotional reactions to stressful events

Question 15

more open ppl tend to develop a …

Answer 15

better understanding of themselves and better control over their negative emotions
-that self-understanding also makes ppl high on openness better at distancing

Question 16

resilience

Answer 16

ppls capacity to adjust to and recover from the most tragic and traumatizing of human experiences

Question 17

Dr. Frankl

Answer 17

psychiatrist who was sent to a concentration camp by the nazis during ww2
noticed that prisoners did not tend to survive unless they found some meaning in their life, despite their horrific situation

Question 18

post traumatic growth

Answer 18

major life challenges can:

1) give ppl wisdom and skill
2) help them realize how strong and capable they are, and
3) help them value life more

Question 19

biofeedback

Answer 19

involves developing skill in controlling stress reactions by using recording devices to view ones physiological responses

Question 20

simple relaxation methods are better than biofeedback for stress reduction

Answer 20

so is focused attention (or concentrative) meditation

and so is open monitoring (or mindfulness) meditation

Question 21

mindfulness-based stress reduction (or MBSD)

Answer 21

the idea is to increase the association bw ones thoughts and the physiological processes occurring throughout ones body
enhances meaningfulness

Question 22

integrated mind-body training (or IMBT)

Answer 22

inspired by Yoga, it involves stress reduction by maintaining specific body postures and engaging in breathing exercises
enhances attentional control
yoga is also great for stress reduction and health

Question 23

getting any kind of regular exercise is a great way to improve health and manage stress

Answer 23

participants who were required to sprint in advance of a vocabulary test performed 20% better
the students who sprinted also had higher levels of mentally energizing substances like dopamine and norepinephrine and brain derived neurotrophic factor (or BDNF)

Question 24

BDNF

Answer 24

BDNF is a protein that supports the creation of new synapses in the brain

Question 25

optimism is very much related to

Answer 25

perceived control over our own destiny

Question 26

martin seligman

Answer 26

ones perception of having control over events is an important factor in human physical and mental health

• he put dogs into a harness and applied electric shocks to them
• half of the dogs could escape the shock by pressing a button, but the other half could not
• later, the dogs were places in another box with two regions separated by a divider
• on each trial, seligman presented a tone or dimmed a light before the platform the dog was standing on became electrified
• dogs who were previously able to control the shock easily learned to jump to the other side when they heard the tone
• the dogs who had no control were much more likely to passively receive the shock and sadly wait for it to be over

Question 27

learned helplessness

Answer 27

is behaviour typical of an organisms that has endured repeated painful or otherwise aversive stimuli which it was unable to escape or avoid. after such experience, the organisms often fails to learn escape or avoidance in new situations where such behaviour would be effective

Question 28

pessimistic and depressed individuals don’t feel as though their actions will improve their situation,..

Answer 28

so in that way these conditions are related to learned helplessness
-learned helplessness can also occur in ppl who experience physical or sexual abuse, or other human rights abuses, without a way to escape

Question 29

compensatory control

Answer 29

strategies for bringing a sense of order and meaning when it seems as though events are random and chaotic
-participants completed a task in which they relied on computer feedback to help them generate their responses, for half of the participants, the computer provided accurate feedback to help them learn the pattern. for the other half of the participants the computer provided random feedback. after the participants were shown pics, some had faint meaningful images and some did not. those who were discombobulated by random feedback were more likely to perceive faint meaningful images in pics that contained only random patterns
such efforts to construct order from random events are also a likely basis for ppl developing superstitious beliefs and conspiracy theories

Question 30

james pennebaker

Answer 30

studied a group of 60 laid off workers by having on half of them write about their deep emotional experiences and the impact that their job loss had on their life. the other half were instructed to merely write about their future plans. after a few 20 min writing sessions, those who wrote about their emotional reactions were more likely to find new jobs

Question 31

life is complex

Answer 31

and managing our reaction to it isn’t easy