14.1 Social Cognition: Making Sense of Ourselvesand Others Flashcards
1
Q
social psychology
A
- the scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward the other people around us, and how those people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior
2
Q
stereotyping
A
- the tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or their social group memberships
3
Q
prejudice
A
- the tendency to dislike people because of their appearance or group memberships
4
Q
discrimination
A
- negative behaviors toward others based on prejudice
5
Q
self-fulfilling prophecy
A
- when our expectations about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those others in ways that make those beliefs come true
6
Q
social identity
A
- the positive emotions that we experience as a result of our group memberships
7
Q
close relationship
A
- the long-term intimate and romantic relationships that we develop with another person—for instance, in a marriage
8
Q
mere exposure
A
- the tendency to prefer stimuli (including but not limited to people) that we have seen more frequently
9
Q
casual attribution
A
- the process of trying to determine the causes of people’s behavior, with the goal of learning about their personalities
10
Q
fundamental attribution error (or correspondance bias)
A
- the common tendency to overestimate the role of person factors and overlook the impact of situations in judging others
11
Q
attitude
A
- our relatively enduring evaluations of people and things
12
Q
self-monitoring
A
- the tendency to regulate behavior to meet the demands of social situations
13
Q
self-perception
A
- when we use our own behavior as a guide to help us determine our own thoughts and feelings
14
Q
cognitive dissonance
A
- the discomfort we experience when we choose to behave in ways that we see as inappropriate
