14.1 Health psyhology and its applications Flashcards

1
Q

most deaths are now related to ..

A

peoples behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

smoking is a learned social behaviour

A
  • ppl are more likely to smoke if members of their family also smoke
  • or if they belong to a culture or social group in which smoking is very common
  • media depictions of smoking are not helping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

study on smoking

A
  • a study of adolescents revealed a positive correlation between whether they had tried smoking and their exposure to movies with favourable depictions of smoking
  • in another study, even adolescents who hadn’t smoked before were more likely to report smoking as an aspect of their own Identity if they responded positively to a cigarette-smoking movie character
  • from 1990 to 2007, there was an association between rates of smoking in movies and rates of smoking among adolescents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

health psychologists have been working against these media influences

A

in the 1990’s, warning labels didn’t seem to have an effect; they were too easy to ignore
-more recently, text warnings with graphic images seem to work better. (40% of smokers identify the warnings on cigarette packages as one of their motives for quitting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

health psychology, eating, and exercise

A

our culture seems to value overeating and it doesn’t exactly support regular physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

BMI=weight in KG/(Height in meters)^2
healthy BMI=18.5-24.9
underweight BMI=30.0
about 25% of Canadians fall into the obese range of BMI
increase in obesity is associated with a number of health risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Twin, adoption, and family studies reveal that the heritability of of body size is between ___ and ____

A

.5 and .9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

set point

A

our biological processes work to keep our weight at some genetically-determined level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most critical factor that determines body weight

A

a persons tendency to engage in physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

not getting enough exercise is related to the trend of increasing obesity

A

hours spent watching television is correlated with obesity
for adults, tv watching seems worse than time spent in front of computer screens, perhaps because it is more difficult to snack when typing or texting
-for children, the amount of time spent in front of tv or computer screens is associated with higher obesity rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

eating habits that support obesity may be handed down from one generation to the next

A

also, the world seems to be constantly temping us to gorge ourselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

there are plenty of obstacles that get in the way of our desire to stay _____ and maintain a healthy _____ weight

A

fit

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

don’t believe anyone who tries to sell you a weight loss program that doesn’t have exercise as a component

A

and don’t believe anyone who tries to sell you a weight loss program that lets you eat whatever you want

  • maintaining a healthy body weight is difficult, so be wary of products that promise a quick and easy solution to such a difficult challenge
  • staying fit requires time, discipline, hard work, and careful planning
  • ppl eventually crave the work out and healthy food like they used to crave junk food and sitting around
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

separate from the obvious health problems associated with smoking and obesity

A

health also has a strong positive correlation with wealth
more wealth is correlated with longer life
-can afford healthier food
-better health care
-better neighbourhood
-greater control over their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lack of control over one’s destiny is stressful and chronic stress negatively affects both ______and _____ health

A

mental
physical
-when poverty is combined with discrimination, the health effects can be even more severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

social isolation is another risk to health

A

being married is associated with a longer life and reduces a persons risk for developing both physical and mental health problems

  • unmarried women are 50 percent more likely than married women to die of heart disease, a number of types of cancer, and liver disease
  • unmarried men are 250 percent more likely to die of those same disease than married men
  • ppl in unhappy marriages are at a higher risk for developing depression and physical illnesses
17
Q

social contagion

A

the phenomenon by which behaviours spread through social interactions
-the US national heart institute. researchers notices that groups of friends among their participants became more similar to on another over time on health related dimensions, like body weight, smoking and levels of happiness

18
Q

health psychology

A

the study of

1) how behaviour, thoughts, and emotions can influence a persons physical health
2) how our physical health can influence our behaviour, thoughts and emotions