14: Aging Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 14: Aging Deck (17)
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1
Q

Whats the typical appearance of Parkinson’s Disease (PD)?

A
  • Trembling of extremities (tremor)
  • Short steps (slowness)
  • Rigidity
  • Reduced arm swining
  • Masked facial expression
  • Flexed elbows and wrists
  • Balance problems
  • Movement difficulties
2
Q

What are causes of PD?

A

Poison/drugs & genetic factors

- more likely after age 50 (increases exponentially)

3
Q

What part of the brain works worse in PD?

A

Basal ganglia

The whole network is targetted, with leads to inhibition of the motor cortex

4
Q

What is Inhibitory Action Control?

A

A facet of executive cognition that refers to the mechanism or set of processes engaged to suppress behaviors when such actions are reflex-like, impulsive, inappropriate, premature, incorrect, or no longer relevant.

(suppress behaviors that are impulsive)

5
Q

Whats the Stop Task?

A

Measures how fast you can inhibit a voluntary action to a stop signal.

6
Q

Whats the Simon Task?

A

Measures how well you can inhibit an involuntary action impulse that conflicts with goal-directed behavior

7
Q

What research is done on the Stop Task and what are varianties of reaction time?

A

ADHD, personality, cocaine use and development across the life span all influence RT

8
Q

What can you say about PD and Stop Task?

A
  • PD is just as quick in reaction time without stopping
  • PD patients stop slower
  • PD affects inhibition
9
Q

What the relation between inhibition and basal ganglia?

A

Its a process in the subthalamic nuclues, which is affected

Can be treated with brain stimulation! Which alleviated motor symptoms

10
Q

How do PD patients perform on the Simon Task?

A

On corresponding trials: facilitation: fast reactions time, few errors
On non-corresponding trials: slower reaction times, more errors

11
Q

Whats the difference between corresponding & non-corresponding trials in Simon Task?

A

Corresponding: Color on same side as the desired location/direction
Non-corresponding Color is on the ‘wrong’ side for desired location.

12
Q

What the Simon effect?

A

Extra cost and time to solve interference

13
Q

Whats the activation-suppression model?

A
  • Irrelevant information quickly activates an incorrect action impulse
  • Relevant information is deliberately translated into a correct action
  • Suppression of incorrect action impulse reduces interference
14
Q

What can you say about impulsive action errors?

A
  • Graph depicts the fact that stronger impulse activation = higher percentage of fast errors
  • Strong impulses escape inhibition and produce fast errors
15
Q

What can you say about suppression of action impulses?

A
  • Graph depicts that it takes time to suppress
  • ## Suppression becomes more effective as reaction time slows.
16
Q

What are the outcomes of the research on the Simon Task?

A
  • Simon effect on reaction time and errors is the same for PD and normal, but PD is slower to begin with.
  • Response capture is very similar, too
  • Dynamics of suppression are different: Simon effect doesnt go away with more time in PD, but does in normal
17
Q

Whats the ongoing research about?

A
  • Individual differences like freezers vs tremors,

- Effect of dopamine on action control & decision making