1.3 DNA and the Production of Proteins Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 1.3 DNA and the Production of Proteins Deck (16)
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1
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

DNA is made up of two molecules that are arranged into a double helix shape that are connected by millions of pairs of bases

2
Q

What are the four different bases (nucleotides)?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

3
Q

What is the pairings of the bases (nucleotides)?

A

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Cytosine pairs with Guanine

4
Q

What does DNA carry?

A

DNA carries the genetic information for making making proteins which are unique to each individual

5
Q

What does each sequence ion bases determine?

A

The sequence of amino acids in a protein

6
Q

What is mRNA (messenger RNA)?

A

mRNA is a molecule that carries a copy of the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

7
Q

What happens to mRNA at the ribosome?

A

The mRNA is decoded and the correct amino acids are assembled from the code.

8
Q

What do amino acids do?

A

They join together to make proteins

9
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is the code to make a protein

10
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A long molecule containing coils of DNA

11
Q

How is gene transcribed into mRNA?

A
Adenine = Uracil
Thymine = Adenine
Guanine = Cytosine
Cytosine = Guanine
12
Q

What is a pair of bases called?

A

A complimentary base pair

13
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

The ribosomes

14
Q

Name 5 functions of proteins

A
Receptors 
structural (cell membrane)
enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies
15
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

16
Q

How does mRNA determine the sequence of amino acids?

A

The sequence of bases determines the sequence of amino acids