1.2.3 Arthritis and Systemic Inflammation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 1.2.3 Arthritis and Systemic Inflammation Deck (19)
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1
Q

Which of the following substances are most likely to be recognized by toll-like receptors?

A. Antibodies

B. C5a

C. Chemokines

D. HIV gag peptide

E. Lipopolysaccharide

A

E. LPS

2
Q

Which of the following molecules is an acute phase reactant?

A. Antibody

B. C-reactive protein

C. IFN-I

D. NKG2D

E. TLR5

A

B. C-reactive protein

(Acute phase reactants are produced in the liver)

3
Q

What does ESR stand for? What does it measure?

A

Eryrthrocyte sedimentation rate; Rate at which RBCs settle in a westergren tube (rate increased by acute phase reactants)

4
Q

What does CRP stand for?

A

C-reactive protein

5
Q

CRP and ESR are both tested to do the presence of what?

A

Inflammation

6
Q

Compare the sensitivity/specificity of CRP and ESR in low-grade inflammation.

A

ESR: More specific, less sensitive

CRP: More sensitive, less specific

7
Q

Which test is susceptible to alterations in the size/shape/# of RBCs?

A

ESR

8
Q

Describe when in the inflammation process would ESR or CRP be the test of choice.

A

CRP: up to 7 days

ESR: after 7 days

9
Q

Release of which of the following molecules is most directly responsible for the continued low blood pressure?

A. ICAM-1

B. IFN-I

C. IL-1

D. IL-12

E. TNFα

A

E. TNFα

(IL-1, according to Dr. Yankee, is mainly involved in traveling to the brain and affecting temperature regulation)

10
Q

In the example of the elderly woman with a hip replacement, what is the pathway of progression of her infection throughout her body?

A

Cold -> Lungs -> Systemic -> Hip

11
Q

What types of signals are recognized by PRRs?

A

PAMPs and DAMPs

12
Q

What are some examples of cells that contain PRRs?

A

Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells

13
Q

What is the specialty of macrophages (me)?

A

Cytokine production - danger signaling

14
Q

What are some of the cytokines produced by macrophages?

A

IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6

15
Q

What are two of the effects of TNF-alpha and IL-6?

A

Vasodilation (endothelial cells) and stimulation of liver to produce acute phase reactants.

16
Q

What the 4 clinical manifestations of SIRS (systematic inflammatory response syndrome)?

A

Temp under 36 C or fever above 38 C

HR: over 90 beats/min

RR over 20 or aterial CO2 tension less than 32mm Hg

Abnormal WBC (high or low)

[Can be infectious or non-infectious in origin]

17
Q

What is sepsis?

A

Systematic response to infection; It has all the same clinical manifestations as SIRS along with documented/presumed infection, associated w/ organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension

18
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Sepsis-induced hypotension

Persistent hypotension and perfusion abnormalities despite adequate fluid resuscitation, caused by high levels of TNF-alpha

19
Q
A

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