12-6: The Brain - functional areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 1

Damage to the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe may result in: __.

Answer 1

parasthesia of opposite side

Question 2

Damage to the medial surface of the occipital lobe may result in ___.

Answer 2

blindness

Question 3

Damage to the areas surrounding the medial surface (primary visual cortex) in the occipital lobe may result in ___.

Answer 3

being able to see, but not recognize (difficulty with visual association)

Question 4

Damage to the temporal lobe near the lateral sulcus may result in ___.

Answer 4

deafness

Question 5

Damage to Wernicke’s area may result in ___.

Answer 5

difficulty translating spoken words into thoughts

Question 6

Damage to the deep insular lobe may result in ___.

Answer 6

inability to taste

Question 7

Damage to the medial surface of the temporal lobe may result in ___.

Answer 7

inability to smell

Question 8

Damage to the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe may result in ___.

Answer 8

paralysis on the opposite side

Question 9

Damage to Broca’s area may result in ___.

Answer 9

aphasia

Question 10

sensory areas

Answer 10

interpret sensory input - conscious awareness of sensations

Question 11

motor areas

Answer 11

all in frontal lobe, initiate voluntary movement

Question 12

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 12

located in the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe

receives sensory input from specific skin and muscle regions

damage: parasthesia

Question 13

sensory homunculus

Answer 13

entire body is mapped out on the primary somatosensory cortex, enabling you to identify the region of your body that is being stimulated. Biggest areas - most sensitive areas of skin (eg. lips)

Question 14

The right hemisphere receives input from the __ side of the body, and vice versa.

Answer 14

left

Question 15

somatosensory association cortex

Answer 15

stores memories of somatosensory (touch) experiences

Question 16

primary visual cortex

Answer 16

located on medial surface of occipital lobe

recieves sensory input from the eyes and interprets shape, color, and movement

damage: blindness

Question 17

visual association area

Answer 17

surrounds the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe

relates present to past visual experiences (stores visual memories - evaluate what is seen)

damage: still see, but don’t recognize

Question 18

primary auditory cortex

Answer 18

located in temporal lobe near lateral sulcus

receives sensory input from ears and interprets pitch, volume and rhythem of sound

damage: deafness

Question 19

auditory association area

Answer 19

below the primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe

stores voice prints, tunes and other auditory patterns (auditory memories - recognize sounds you learned)

Question 20

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 20

translates spoken words into thoughts (understand the words you hear) - in the auditory association area in the left hemisphere

Question 21

gustatory cortex

Answer 21

located deep in insular lobe

interprets taste

Question 22

olfactory cortex

Answer 22

located on medial surface of temporal lobe

interprets smell

Question 23

primary motor cortex

Answer 23

located in the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe

gives conscious control of skeletal muscles

contralateral control - left motor cortex controls right side of body

damage: paralysis

Question 24

motor homunculus

Answer 24

entire body is mapped out on the primary motor cortex of each hemisphere; muscles needing fine control receive the largest area of cortex

Question 25

premotor cortex

Answer 25

anterior to the primary motor cortex

controls learned motor skills of a patterned nature (playing an instrument, typing, etc)

Question 26

Broca’s Area

Answer 26

located just above the lateral sulcus, usually in the left hemisphere

translates thoughts into speech

damage: aphasia

Question 27

frontal eye field

Answer 27

controls voluntary movement of eyes

Question 28

lateralization of cortical function

Answer 28

left is dominant for language, math, logic and the right controls insight, imagination, poetry, art and music > for 90% of people