11.5: The extent of the mobilization of human and economic resources Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction of the quick-firing artillery and the machine guns in the late 19th century resulted in a revolutionary change in logistics.

A

A single Vickers machine gun shot bullets at a rate of 600 per minute, the number of ammunition that had previously been fired by half a battalion of troops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

increase in daily ammunition supplies with the introduction of machine guns

2p

A
  1. The total amount of necessary daily supplies increased by a factor of twelve.
  2. The stockpiles of munitions accumulated before the war were depleted in a matter of months.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

switch to war economy

2p

A
  1. One after another, the European nations confronted the task of massive economic reorganization of their economies for war production.
  2. The demands could only be met by producing more, by importing more, and by consuming less.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The economic mobilization of the European nations unfolded in four main arenas:

A
  1. production of arms and munitions
  2. obtaining necessary raw materials for manufacturing the munitions
  3. mobilize the industrial workforce
  4. allocation of food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. production of arms and munitions

2p

A
  1. In the early period of the war, all major European armies experienced a catastrophic shortage of munitions, or a “shell crisis.”
  2. In the following months, the demand for munitions continued to increase. The authorities had to undertake extraordinary measures for organizing large-scale munitions production.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. obtaining necessary raw materials for manufacturing the munitions

3p

A
  1. An exponential growth in the production of munitions and supplies had proportionally increased the demand for raw materials.
  2. In some countries manufacturers relied on domestic resources, whereas in other nations producers drew a large proportion of resources from the international markets.
  3. In either case, the manufacturers and the authorities had to ensure an uninterrupted supply of war-related raw materials, which was not an easy task to accomplish.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. mobilize the industrial workforce

3p

A
  1. With the outbreak of the war, most workers were drafted to the army.
  2. The war caused major dislocations in labor resources and placed an additional strain on labor relations.
  3. As the market mechanisms became ineffective, the authorities had to resort to administrative methods of workforce allocation, including (in some cases) the industrial draft.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. allocation of food

3p

A
  1. The task of procuring for the army and the urban population turned out to be the most serious challenge for state managers in most countries.
  2. The continuing hostilities resulted in diminishing amounts of foods in the markets.
  3. As the war progressed, the state authorities had to use centralized methods of mobilization and distribution of provision, such as requisitioning of provision and rationing of basic foods.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the extent of Russian state’s intervention in the process of production

A

In Russia the process of the institutional merger of monopolies and the state reached its ultimate phase: in some sectors not only the state took over the allocation of materiel, but by being the sole buyer of produce, the state began to manage the entire process of production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GER commodity imports from 1916 to 1918

A

German imports of:

  1. number of cattle from 29 686 to 14 502; 51.1%
  2. meat imports dropped by 95.5%
  3. grain imports declined by
  4. 5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly