1.1 The drainage basin system Flashcards

1
Q

In the drainage basin, what are the outputs?

A

evaporation, evapotranspiration, river discharge

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2
Q

What are the stores?

A

interception, soil water, surface water, ground water, channel storage

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3
Q

What are the flows?

A

above ground = throughfall, stemflow, overland flow, channel flow
below ground = infiltration, percolation, throughflow, ground water, baseflow

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4
Q

What is the hydrological cycle?

A

The way that water moves from the sea, through the air and back into the sea.

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5
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Water falling from the sky

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6
Q

What is interception?

A

The rain which is intercepted before it reaches the ground, usually by vegetation.

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7
Q

What is throughfall?

A

In a long rainstorm, leaves become saturated and water begins to drip on the ground.

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8
Q

What is stem flow?

A

Water moves from tree to ground flowing down the outside of the trunk.

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9
Q

What is runoff/overland flow?

A

When the soil is saturated and rain continues to fall, the rain will have surface run off.

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10
Q

What is discharge?

A

The amount of water flowing down a river at any one time

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11
Q

What is infiltration capacity?

A

How much water can be taken into the ground before the water begins to sit on the surface and not be absorbed

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12
Q

What is throughflow?

A

The flow of water through the ground rather than on top of the ground soil layer

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13
Q

What is percolation?

A

Water that flows down into the bedrock

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14
Q

What is baseflow?

A

Water flowing from ground water into lakes or rivers

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15
Q

What is groundwater?

A

Storage of water in the ground e.g. water in rocks

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16
Q

What is a water table?

A

Imaginary line which is where ground water is stored below and through flow is above level of saturation

17
Q

What is evapotranspiration?

A

Moisture from transpiration and evaporation put together in the atmosphere. Water evaporates from leaves etc. while trees transpire.

18
Q

What is the guaging system?

A

Measures discharge

19
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Force exerted by groundwater flow against the rock above it until the water finds a crack and rises to the surface. Often basements flood upwards

20
Q

What is porosity?

A

The percentage of void space in a rock, and how easy it is for liquid to pass through the material

21
Q

What is permeability?

A

How much water the ground can absorb

22
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

Underground store of water which fell as rain 1000s of years ago

23
Q

What is surface storage?

A

Total volume of water held on Earth’s surface in lakes etc.

24
Q

What is velocity?

A

Refers to speed (in a direction) at which a river is flowing

25
Q

What is a regime?

A

Term given to the difference in discharge of a river throughout the year

26
Q

What is antecedent moisture?

A

Amount of moisture in the soil before rainfall