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Flashcards in 11 - ECG Deck (31)
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1
Q

What stops the wave of depolarisation from passing straight from the AV node to the ventricles?

A

Dense connective tissue

2
Q

Label this diagram of the conducting system of the heart.

A
3
Q

Describe how the path of depolarisation and repolarisation occurs in the heart.

A
4
Q

How do repolarisation and depolarisations appear on an ECG?

A
5
Q

Describe what the following electrical waves of activity would look like on an ECG?

A
6
Q

How does SAN depolarisation appear on an ECG?

A

No trace, not sufficient enough to surface

7
Q

How long does atrial depolarisation last?

A

80-100ms

8
Q

How long should it be between atrial depolarisation and ventricular muscle depolarisation?

A

120-200ms

9
Q

Draw and ECG wave in lead II and explain why each section is the shape it is?

A
10
Q

What does bundle of His depolarisation look like on an ECG?

A

Isoelectric segment

11
Q

What is this ECG demonstrating?

A

AV/Heart block

12
Q

What does the P wave and the QRS complex represent?

A

P = depolarisation of atria

QRS: Ventricular depolarisation

13
Q

Describe how to put the leads on a person in an ECG and the colours of each lead.

A
14
Q

Draw on this diagram the different limb leads and their views of the heart.

A

Vertical plane

15
Q

Draw on this diagram the different views of the chest leads?

A
  • Horizontal plane
  • V1 and V2 face RV and septum
  • V3 and V4 face apex and anterior wall of RV and LV
  • V5 and V6 face LV
16
Q

Which leads are best for looking at the following:

  • Inferior surface
  • Septum and anterior
  • RV and septum
  • Apex and anterior
  • Lateral surface of ventricles
A
  1. II, III and aVF
  2. V1, V2, V3, V4
  3. V1 and V2
  4. V3 and V4
  5. I, aVL, V5, V6
17
Q

What leads would you look at if you suspected and occlusion of the right artery in the inferior aspect of the heart?

A

II, III, aVF

18
Q

What order are each of the leads shown on the ECG paper?

A
19
Q

What would the waves look like at each of the chest leads?

A
20
Q

What are the time scales on the ECG graph paper?

A
21
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate of a regular rhythm?

A
  • Count how many large boxes between R to R peak
  • Divide 300 by the number of boxes
22
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate if the rhythm is irregular?

A
23
Q

How long should should each interval that you look at on the ecg (e.g P-R interval) be?

A

QT upper limit

24
Q

What does a shorter R-R interval indicate?

A

Faster heart rate

25
Q

What does a wider QRS complex indicate?

A

Ventricular depolarisations that are not normal, e.g depolarisation is originating in the ventricle and not spreading via normal system, e.g Purkinje, so takes longer

26
Q

What does a long P-R interval indicate?

A

Slow conduction from atria to ventricle, first degree heart block

27
Q

What should the ST segment look like and what does it indicate if not normal?

A

Should be isoelectric, if raised or depressed indicates MI or ischemia

28
Q

What does a prolonged QT interval mean?

A
  • Suggest prolonged repolarisation of ventricles
  • Can lead to arrhythmias as occur in long QT syndrome
  • Long QT can be corrected by an increase in heart rate, common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people
29
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm?

A

When depolarisation is initiated by sinus node

30
Q

What will an ECG of atrial fibrillation look like?

A
  • No P wave
  • Irregular fast heart beat as more A.P’s
31
Q

What is the difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation?

A

See ECG’s