101 Lecture 8 Feb 19 Flashcards Preview

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1
Q
  1. Carolingian Renaissance

Planned program

A

..

2
Q
  1. Revive Latin
    Classical literature

Done to help the mission of the state: revive Roman Empire, Christian piety and deepen people’s understanding of it.
Restoration of the Church as an intellectual force.

A

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3
Q
  1. Culmination of longer period of trying to save something from the wreckage of classical civilization
A

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4
Q
  1. Charlemagne surrounded himself with intellectuals
A

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5
Q

Slide

  1. Background

Cassiodorus
Rule of St. Benedict

By 6th c., literate population is overwhelmingly made up of clerics and even this number is small

A

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6
Q
  1. Liberal Arts
    Trivium: Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric
    Quadrivium: Arithmetic, Astronomy, Geometry, Music
A

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7
Q

Slide

  1. 550 to 750
    Only 264 surviving manuscripts
    All but 26 on religious subjects

Of those 26:
8 law
8 medicine
6 grammar

A

.

8
Q
  1. Most stuff written on papyrus

From 400, beginning to change to writing on parchment

A

.

9
Q
  1. Largest library before Charlemagne: 2 associated with Bede. 100 books each
A

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10
Q

Slide

10. Education reforms
Latin
Spelling
Handwriting 
Basic education (for all?) Definitely for clergy

Slide paleography

A

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11
Q

Slide

  1. Discoveries of the Renaissance thanks to copies made in the carolingian renaissance

9th c. 290 classical manuscripts
10th c. 150 classical manuscripts

A

.

12
Q

Slide

  1. Crisis of the Carolingians
    814 Charlemagne dies
    One surviving son: Louis the Pious (814-840)
A

.

13
Q
13. Problems of empire really begin to emerge
Lack of infrastructure
Empire too large
Empire too diverse
Invasions
A

.

14
Q
  1. Louis’ problems
  2. Invasions and lack of effective response
  3. His sons
  4. His personality
A

.

15
Q
  1. Louis had sophisticated ideas about imperial rule
    More of an intellectual, less of a pragmatist

Emperor must answer to God. Responsible for the spiritual health of the subjects.

A

.

15
Q
  1. Believed in imperial rule

Slide

817 divided realm on event of his death
Most of the land goes to Lothar
Rest goes to Pepin, Louis the German, and nephew Bernard

A

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16
Q

Slide

  1. Bernard revolts
A

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17
Q
  1. Took his rulership as a sacred trust.

In 822 he appeared in Church at Attigny covered in ashes and dressed in sackcloth
To ask forgiveness for the way in which the rebellion of his nephew Bernard had been suppressed (captured, blinded, died)
Felt remorse

A

.

18
Q
  1. Public penance
    Results in loss of prestige

Increase in power of church

A

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20
Q

Slide

  1. 825 second wife gives birth to a son
    Charles the Bald
    Complicates succession
    Enrages older sons
A

.

21
Q
  1. 829 Council at Paris
    Charles the Bald given a share

Bishops declare a right to judge the king and his performance

A

.

22
Q

Slide

  1. 831 another rebellion
    Sons allied against Louis
    Louis captured and forced to abdicate both by church and by Lothar
A

.

23
Q
  1. Lothar so arrogant that by 834 Louis restored
A

.

24
Q
  1. 840 Louis dies and new wars of succession

Slide

843 Partition of the Treaty of Verdun

West to Charles the Bald: Neustria, Aquitaine, Spanish March
East to Louis the German: Saxony, Bavaria, Allemagnia, eastern Austrasia

Lothar gets the middle: Frisia to Spoleto
Most prestigious. Richest.

A

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25
Q
25. Lothar's territory hard to defend
Western Front
Alsace and Lorraine.
Linguistic and cultural and political ambiguity.
Collapses quickly
A

.

26
Q
  1. Immediate consequence: decreasing importance and relevance of imperial title

Louis and Charles divide up Lothar’s realm after his son dies.

Italy left to one of his sons, who takes imperial title

A

.

27
Q
  1. Charles the Bald claimed imperial title for 2 years

Rule undermined from within and without

Charles died in 877
Many counties largely autonomous
New dynasties
Weakness of central power and admin

A

.

28
Q
  1. Offices becoming property
A

.

29
Q
  1. Fortifications proliferate
A

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30
Q

Slide

  1. Not just internal issues: Invasions

Vikings

Slide
Berbers
Magyars

A

.

31
Q

Slide

  1. Vikings
    No horned helmets

Slide

Different parts of Scandinavia
Different destinations

Raiding, Trading, Settling

A

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32
Q

Slide

  1. Seaborn raiders
    British Isles and Frankish empire
    Plunder easy targets (monasteries)
A

.

33
Q

Slide

  1. Why successful?
    Opportunity of a weak empire
    Tactics: maters of the sea
    Ship technology

Not good at sieges

Knack for creating stable governments

A

.

34
Q

Slide

34. Why do they do it?
Overpopulation?
Land hunger?
Internal feuding and creation of exiles
Climate favorable. (Greenland too cold by 13th c)
Cult of personal valor
A

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35
Q

Raids begin around 800 on England and Continent

Sack of island monastery of Lindisfarne 797

A

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36
Q

Slide

Civil wars of Louis the Pious provide opportunity

Monasteries abandoned

Start wintering in 840

A

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37
Q

870s and 880s figure out how to stop them: fortify bridges

Slide

Lands to settle: Normandy Territory of North Men

A

.

38
Q

Slide

England
860s the height

Slide

Partition: creation of the Danelaw

A

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39
Q

Causes Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to unify
Wessex, under Alfred, becomes the sole Anglo-Saxon kingdom

Kicks out Vikings 930ish

A

.

40
Q

Slide

East
Attack Constantinople and Baghdad with no luck: so become traders
Walrus ivory, amber, arrows, swords, falcons, wax

Esp Slaves and Furs

A

.

41
Q

Found Russia
Kiev
Called Rus

A

.

42
Q

Slide

Explore to the West
Hunting and Pasturing
Tend not to settle where there are people
Greenland
Newfoundland
A

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