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Flashcards in 10: Prejudice Deck (40)
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1
Q

Then tendency to blame individuals (make dispositional attributions) for their victimisation, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place, is called:

(Hint: BtV)

A

Blaming the Victim.

2
Q

Unjustified, negative, or harmful action toward a member of a group solely because of his membership of that group, is called:

A

discrimination.

3
Q

The tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated, is called the:

(Hint: IC)

A

Illusory Correlation

4
Q

Practices that discriminate, legally or illegally, against a minority group by virtue of its ethnicity, gender, culture, age, sexual orientation, or other target of societal or company prejudice, is called:

(Hint: ID)

A

Institutional Discrimination

5
Q

Racist attitudes held by the vase majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm, is called:

(Hint: IR)

A

Institutionalised Racism

6
Q

Sexist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm, is called:

(Hint: IS)

A

Institutionalised Sexism

7
Q

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise self-esteem of children, by placing them in small, designated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class. This is know as the:

(Hint: JC)

A

Jigsaw Classroom

8
Q

Outwardly acting unprejudiced while inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes, is called:

(Hint: MR)

A

Modern Racism

9
Q

The situation that exists when 2+ groups need to depend on one another to accomplish a goal that is important to each other them is called:

(Hint: MI)

A

Mutual Interdependence

10
Q

The tendency to go along with the group in order to fulfil the groups expectations and gain acceptance, is called:

(Hint: NC)

A

Normative Conformity

11
Q

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other (homogenous) than they really are, as well as more similar than members of the in-group are, is called:

(Hint: O-GH)

A

Out-Group Homogeneity

12
Q

A hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group, is called:

A

prejudice.

13
Q

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination, is called:

(Hint: RCT)

A

Realistic Conflict Theory

14
Q

The tendency for individuals, when frustrated or unhappy, to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, visible and relatively powerless, is called:

A

Scapegoating

15
Q

The case wherein people have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which causes that person to behave consistently with people’s original expectations, making the expectations come true. This is called the:

(Hint: S-FP)

A

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

16
Q

A generalisation about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among its members, is called a:

A

stereotype.

17
Q

The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behaviour might confirm a cultural stereotype is called a:

(Hint: ST)

A

Stereotype Threat

18
Q

The tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people is called the:

(Hint: UAE)

A

Ultimate Attribution Error

19
Q

What are the 3 components of prejudice?

A
  1. Cognitions.
  2. Affections.
  3. Behaviours.
20
Q

What is the cognitive component of prejudice?

A

Stereotypes.

21
Q

What phenomenon perpetuations stereotypes?

A

The illusory correlation.

22
Q

What is the affective component of prejudice?

A

Emotions.

23
Q

Why do negative emotions linger in prejudice?

A

Because logical arguments are not effective at countering emotions.

24
Q

What is the behavioural component of prejudice?

A

Discrimination.

25
Q

What discriminatory behaviours are seen in prejudice?

A

Microaggressions.

Social distancing.

26
Q

What can we use to measure implicit associations?

Hint: IAT

A

The Implicit Associations Test

27
Q

When do individuals respond with greater aggression or hostility towards a stereotypes target?

A

When they are not in full control of their conscious intentions, such as when they are are stressed, angry or have had a knock to their self-esteem.

28
Q

What are the 2 negative consequences of prejudice on its victims?

A
  1. Self-fulfilling prophecies.

2. Stereotype threat anxiety.

29
Q

What 4 aspects of social life can cause prejudice?

A
  1. Normative rules.
  2. Social categorisation.
  3. Attributional biases.
  4. Economic competition.
30
Q

How can normative rules cause prejudice?

1.
2.

A
  1. Normative Social Influence.

2. Institutionalised discrimination.

31
Q

How can social categorisation cause prejudice?

1.
2.

A
  1. In-group and out-group bias.

2. Out-group homogeneity.

32
Q

How can attributional biases cause prejudice?

A
  1. The Fundamental Attribution Error.
  2. The Ultimate Attribution Error.
  3. Blaming the victim.
33
Q

How can the Fundamental Attribution Error cause attributional biases that lead to prejudice?

A

We overestimate the role of dispositional forces when making sense of other’s behaviour.

34
Q

How can the Ultimate Attribution Error cause attributional biases that lead to prejudice?

A

When out-group members act non-stereotypically, we tend to make situational attributions about them, thereby, maintaining our stereotypes.

35
Q

How can the blaming the victim cause attributional biases that lead to prejudice?

A

It promotes in-group feelings of superiority, identity and legitimacy of power.

36
Q

What theory explains how economic competition leads to prejudice?

(Hint: RCT)

A

Realistic Conflict Theory

37
Q

How does Realistic Conflict Theory explain how economic competition leads to prejudice?

A

Scapegoating.

38
Q

What theory reduces prejudice?

Hint: CH

A

The Contact Hypothesis

39
Q

According to the Contact Hypothesis, what are the 6 conditions that need to be met to reduce prejudice?

(Hint: ICE MIMS)

A
  1. Informal
  2. Common goal
  3. Equal status
  4. Mutual interdependence
  5. Interpersonal contact
  6. Multiple contacts
  7. Social norms of equality
40
Q

What setup has been shown to increase cooperation and interdependence in schools?

A

The Jigsaw Classroom.