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Repro > 10 - Breast Anatomy > Flashcards

10 - Breast Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

describe the epithelial structures of the breast?

A

ducts

glandular lobules

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2
Q

describe the mesenchymal structures of the breast?

A

fat tissue

fibrous tissue

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3
Q

when does breast structure change?

A

with age

during pregnancy

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4
Q

how many lobes does each breast have and how are they arranged?

A

8-10 lobes each

arranged like petals of a flower

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5
Q

what is within the lobes?

A

lobules

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6
Q

what is present in the lobule?

A

bulbs at the end of each lobule which produce milk

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7
Q

what are the breasts in both sexes before puberty?

A

ducts

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8
Q

how to describe the growth of breasts between aged 2 and the end of puberty?

A

proliferation

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9
Q

how to describe the growth of breasts between the end of puberty and after pregnancy?

A

proliferation and differentiation

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10
Q

2 aspects of the lymphatics of the breast?

A

lymph ducts

lymph nodes

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11
Q

what do lymph ducts of the breast do?

A

drains fluid that carrier white blood cells from breast tissue into lymph nodes in axilla

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12
Q

what do lymph nodes of the breast do?

A

filter harmful bacteria and fighting off infection

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13
Q

during breast development, when do mammary crests appear?

A

@ week 4

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14
Q

what 3 types of factors determine breast size and shape?

A

genetic

racial

dietary

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15
Q

describe 2 general features of breasts?

A

modified and highly specialised sweat glands

no special capsule

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16
Q

describe extent of breasts in terms of ribs?

A

2nd/3rd rib to 6th rib

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17
Q

describe transverse location of breasts?

A

sternal edge to midaxillary line

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18
Q

what does the retromammary bursa (space) allow?

A

some degree of movement

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19
Q

what fascia do the breasts lie on?

A

deep pectoral fascia covering pectoralis major and the fascia covering the serratus anterior

20
Q

how is the breast attached to the dermis?

A

suspensory ligament of cooper

21
Q

location of nipple?

A

4th IC space

22
Q

what does the skin covering areola contain?

A

sweat and sebaceous glands

23
Q

name 4 quadrants of breast in a clockwise order?

A

superomedial

inferomedial

inferolateral

superolateral

24
Q

what is the axillary tail?

A

extension of breast tissue in the supero-lateral quadrant

25
Q

in the male breast, when is there a temporary enlargement?

A

newborns and during puberty

26
Q

athelia?

A

absence of nipple

27
Q

amastia?

A

absense of breast

28
Q

polymastia?

A

extra breast

29
Q

polyelia?

A

an extra nipple

30
Q

name 3 arteries supllying breast?

A

Thoraco acromial artery

Lateral thoracic artery

Internal mammary (thoracic) artery

31
Q

where do veins of the breast drain into?

A

axillary and internal thoracic veins

32
Q

what are the nerves of the breast?

A

Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves

33
Q

what do the nerves of the breast carry?

A

convey sensory fibers to the skin of the breast

also carry sympathetic fibres to the blood vessels and to the smooth muscle around the nipple

34
Q

why are lymphatics of the breasts so significant?

A

metastatic dissemination occurs primarily by the lymphatic routes

35
Q

describe the lymphatics of the breast?

A

branch extensively and do not contain valves

36
Q

where does >75% of lymph come from in the breast?

A

lateral quadrants - to axillary lymph nodes

37
Q

where can other 25% lymph drain to?

A

some lymph drains directly to supraclavicular or inferior cervical nodes

Lymph from medial quadrants – parasternal or to opposite breast

38
Q

what is sentinel lymph node biopsy used for in breast cancer?

A

Lymphatic mapping & staging of patients

39
Q

what is used to locate the sentinel lymph node?

A

radiolabelled colloid

40
Q

which lobular unit is the functional milk secretory component of the breast?

A

the terminal duct lobular unit

41
Q

what do the neonatal breast contain?

A

lactiferous ducts and no alveoli

42
Q

what does the slight enlargement of breast tissue prepuberty show?

A

the growth of fibrous stroma and fat

43
Q

describe 3 changes during puberty?

A

branching of lactiferous ducts

alveoli

accumulation of lipids in adipocytes

44
Q

describe 2 post-menopausal changes to breasts?

A

Progressive atrophy of lobules and ducts

Fatty replacement of glandular tissue

45
Q

describe 2 imaging diagnostic methods for breast cancer?

A

mammography

US

46
Q

describe 2 diagnostic methods for breast cancer?

A

fine needle aspiration cytology

core biopsy

Repro (28 decks)

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