1. introduction

Question 1

key term

Labour

Answer 1

workforce or workers as opposed to employers or owners of the factories and other industrial enterprises

Question 2

key term

Mediation

Answer 2

negotiations between employers and employees to resolve disputes and reach a settlement

Question 3

key term

Capitalism

Answer 3

an economic system based on private enterprise rather than state control of the economy.
companies are privately owned and consumers therefore have a choice of which goods to buy.

Question 4

key term

Collective bargaining

Answer 4

Workers’ representatives join together and negotiate over issues such as pay and conditions

Question 5

key term

No-strike clauses

Answer 5

Provisions in workers’ contracts to forbid striking

Question 6

what were the 5 issues around the position of union and labour rights (during the period)

Answer 6

1. the right for unions to exist
2. recognition of unions
3. the involvement of unions in negotiations over pay and working conditions
4. the establishment of systems for mediation
   (negotiations between employers and employees to resolve disputes and reach a settlement)
5. the freedom of workers to withdraw their labour without fear of punishment

Question 7

what influenced the progress of union rights during the period

Answer 7

economic change
growth of capitalism
amount of immigration

Question 8

start of the period

3 points

Answer 8

1. rights of workers and unions completely dependent on what workers could negotiate with employers
2. no requirement for employers to even recognise unions let alone negotiate with them
3. workers had no representation or protection from employers and could be exploited

Question 9

end of the period

3 points

Answer 9

1. workers won right to join a union. HOWEVER employers had been able to create workplaces where unions were forbidden
2. unions had secured the right to collective bargaining HOWEVER limited in practice
3. unions had secured right for workers to withdraw labour and go on strike HOWEVER limited some employers ad brought in no-strike clauses

Question 10

why were workers forced to accept workplaces where unions were forbidden (at the end of the period)

Answer 10

actual fall in wages

fears they would loose their jobs because of the decline in the economy

Question 11

does position of workers improve since the start of they period?

Answer 11

yes HOWEVER gains were not always maintained.