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PSY 4210 > 1-genestud > Flashcards

1-genestud Flashcards

1
Q

twin study

A

Exploits two naturally occurring “accidents”in reproduction.

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2
Q

Exploits two naturally occurring “accidents”in reproduction.

A

twin study

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3
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Single fertilized egg divides and develops as two genetically identical siblings.

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4
Q

Single fertilized egg divides and develops as two genetically identical siblings.

A

Monozygotic Twins

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5
Q

Dizygotic Twins:

A

Two separate eggs released and fertilized. Two “normal” siblings (share 50% of genes) result.

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6
Q

Two separate eggs released and fertilized. Two “normal” siblings (share 50% of genes) result.

A

Dizygotic Twins:

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7
Q

What are the assumptions of twin studies if they are raised in the same household?

A

Co-twins raised together are exposed to much of the same life experiences, whether mono or di.

Then, if mono are more similar than di, must be due to greater genetic similarity.

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8
Q

Heritability Index (H^2)

A

(rmz – rdz) x 2.

Result is interpreted as proportion of trait variance attributable to shared genes.

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9
Q

Result is interpreted as proportion of trait variance attributable to shared genes.

A

Heritability Index (H^2)

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10
Q

What are the criticisms of twin studies?

A

Environments may be more similar for mono than di.

Parents often rate twins. May overemphasize similarities of mono and diffs between di.

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11
Q

What are the four misconceptions about heredity?

A
  1. If heritability of trait is high, society has little influence.(Opposite tends to be true)
  2. If a trait is inherited, it will have similar effects in the various people who inherit it. (No one-to-one relationship between what is inherited and form in which it is displayed.)
  3. If a trait is inherited, it is responsible for observed between-groups differences.(The effects of genes on some trait are limited to environmental contexts where they’re studied.)
  4. The effects of environment and heredity are entirely independent. (People with certain genes tend to create and choose certain environments.)
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12
Q

epigenetics

A

environmental control of genetic expression

***check textbook for definition

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13
Q

environmental control of genetic expression

***check textbook for definition

A

epigenetics

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14
Q

5-HTT

A

Short allele of 5-HTT gene associated with decreased serotonergic functioning.

short allele associated with greater concentrations of stress hormones only in response to stress

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15
Q

Short allele of certain gene associated with decreased serotonergic functioning.

short allele associated with greater concentrations of stress hormones only in response to stress

A

5-HTT

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16
Q

D4DR

A

associated with sensation seeking –tendency to seek out new, risky, thrilling experiences, as well as impulsiveness

17
Q

associated with sensation seeking –tendency to seek out new, risky, thrilling experiences, as well as

A

D4DR

18
Q

Grays BAS: Behavioral Activation System.

A

A) Activates the person to move toward desired end states (approach tendency, or behavioral accelerator, if you will).

B) Reward Seeking.

C) Responsible for creating positive emotions.

D) Involves dopaminergic pathways in CNS.

19
Q

A) Activates the person to move toward desired end states (approach tendency, or behavioral accelerator, if you will).

B) Reward Seeking.

C) Responsible for creating positive emotions.

D) Involves dopaminergic pathways in CNS.

A

Grays BAS: Behavioral Activation System.

20
Q

Grays BIS: Behavioral Inhibition System.

A

A) Inhibits movement toward goals (withdrawal tendency, or behavioral brake, if you will).

B) Punishment aversive.

C) Responsible for creating negative emotions.

D) Involves septohippocampal systems and afferents from brainstem and efferents in the frontal lobes.

21
Q

A) Inhibits movement toward goals (withdrawal tendency, or behavioral brake, if you will).

B) Punishment aversive.

C) Responsible for creating negative emotions.

D) Involves septohippocampal systems and afferents from brainstem and efferents in the frontal lobes.

A

Grays BIS: Behavioral Inhibition System.

22
Q

Heightened BIS activity means being more ______

A

anxious

23
Q

Heightened BAS activity means being more ______

A

impulsive

24
Q

Gray’s Four-Fold Classification System

A

High Anxiety, Low Impulsiveness: Introverted.

High Anxiety, High Impulsiveness: Neurotic.

Low Anxiety, High Impulsiveness: Extraverted.

Low Anxiety, Low Impulsiveness: Emotionally Stable.

25
Q

Right frontal lobes:

A

Withdrawal system associated with negative emotions of fear and disgust

26
Q

Withdrawal system associated with negative emotions of fear and disgust

A

Right frontal lobes:

27
Q

Left frontal lobes

A

approach system associated with positive emotions

28
Q

approach system associated with positive emotions

A

Left frontal lobes

PSY 4210 (22 decks)

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