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Physics > 1. General Physics > Flashcards

1. General Physics Flashcards

0
Q

Interpret speed time graph

A

Area underneath = distance travelled
Flat line = constant speed
Straight line going up/down: constant acceleration or deceleration
Acceleration not constant -> curve

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1
Q

How to calculate speed?

A

Total distance / time taken

Unit: m/s

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2
Q

Interpret distance- time graph

A

The slope= speed
The steeper the slope the grater the speed
Flat line= stop
Curve up= slowing down and vice versa

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3
Q

What is acceleration

A

The change of velocity per second

Unit: m/s2

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4
Q

How to calculate acceleration

A

Change in velocity / time taken for the change

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5
Q

Acceleration of free fall for a body near to the earth?

A

Constant acceleration

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6
Q

What is velocity?

A

Speed in given direction

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7
Q

What happen to the motion of a falling body

A

Object are slow down by air resistance
Air resistance gets bigger as accelerate
Once air resistance = force of gravity, the object has reached terminal velocity
Object stay at a constant velocity

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8
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

When a free falling body air resistance force and gravity force is equal and the object will stay at a constant velocity.

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9
Q

What is mass?

A

A measure of the amount of matters a body contains

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10
Q

What is inertia

A

An object’s resistance to a change in its motion

The greater the mass, the more inertia it has

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11
Q

How to calculate weight?

A

1kg = 10N

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12
Q

What is density

A

How tightly packed matter is and the amount of mass in a given space

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13
Q

How to calculate density?

A

Mass/ volume

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14
Q

What is the density of water and when does an object sink in water?

A

Density of water= 1g/cm3

Density of object > density of water => sink

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15
Q

How to measure volume of a irregular object?

A

Put the object into measuring cylinder with water. When you add the object, it displaces the waters, making the water level rises
The rise= volume of object

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16
Q

What is the effect of force?

A

Change in size, shape, speed or direction

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17
Q

What is elastic

A

When an object regains its original shape when the force that deform it are removed -> it is elastic

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18
Q

What is elastics limit?

A

The limit to which an object can be stretched without being permanently extended

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19
Q

What is hooke’s law?

A

F=kx

K is spring constant, extension is directly proportional to the weight

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20
Q

What is the name when the force no longer directly proportional to the extension?

A

Limit of proportionality

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21
Q

What is resultant force?

A

A single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on the object

22
Q

What happen when resultant force =0

A

The object remain at rest if it was already at rest

Continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction if it was already moving

23
Q

How to calculate force?

A

Mass x acceleration

24
Q

Describe circular motion

A

An object moving around a circular path is acted by a resultant force which is directed towards the cent of the circle
The resultant force is called the centripetal force

25
Q

What is moment?

A

Turning force

26
Q

What is moment of the force

A

The turning effect of the force
Measured in Newton
Can be either clockwise or anticlockwise

27
Q

How to calculate moment?

A

Force x perpendicular distance to pivot
Unit Nm
F x d

28
Q

Describe an object in equilibrium

A

No resultant force on it

No resultant turning force on it

29
Q

Describe the principal of moment

A

For an object in equilibrium, the sum of all the clockwise moment about any point = the sum of all anticlockwise moments about that point

30
Q

Where is the centre of mass of a suspended object in equilibrium

A

Directly below the point of suspension

31
Q

How to increase the stability of an object

A

Making its base as wide as possible and its center of mass as low as possible

32
Q

Description of kinetic energy and example

A

Energy of an object due to its motion

Eg. Vehicle in motion has kinetic energy

33
Q

Description of GPE and example

A

Energy of an object due to its position

Eg. Book lofted up gains gravitational potential energy

34
Q

Description of chemical energy and example

A

Energy stored in a substance and released when chemical reactions take place
Eg car battery

35
Q

Description of elastic stain energy and examples

A

Energy stored in an elastic object when we stretch or squash it
Eg stretched spring

36
Q

Description of nuclear energy and examples

A

Energy releases when the nucleus of an atom splits or disintegrate
Eg a uranium fuel rod in a nuclear reactor

37
Q

Description of internal energy and example

A

Energy of an object due to the internal motion and position of its molecule
Eg. Magnetized object or a hot object

38
Q

Description of electrical energy and example

A

Energy transferred by an electric current

Eg electric heater switched on

39
Q

Description of light energy and example

A

Energy transferred by light

Light from a torch

40
Q

Description of sound energy

A

Energy transfer by sound waves

41
Q

Describe the principle of conservation of energy

A

The total amount of energy before and after the change is the same
Energy cannot be created or destroyed

42
Q

Equation calculating work done

A

Work done = force x distance

Unit is joules

43
Q

Calculation of KE

A

1/2 x mass x velocity

44
Q

Calculation of GPE

A

Mass x gravity x height

45
Q

What is renewable energy

A

Natural source of energy which can be replaced and be used over and over again - inexhaustible

46
Q

What is non renewable energy ?

A

Natural sources which cannot be replace and so once using it, no more use in the future -> exhaustible

47
Q

How to calculate efficiency

A

Useful energy output / energy input x 100

48
Q

What is work done? It’s unit?

A

Whenever a force makes sth move
Unit is joules
When work is done, energy is being converted to another form

49
Q

What is power? And its unit

A

The rate at which work is done

Watt

50
Q

How to calculate power

A

Work done / time taken

51
Q

What is pressure

A

A force acting on unit area

52
Q

How to calculate pressure and its unit?

A

Force / area

Unit is pascal

53
Q

How to calculate pressure in liquid

A

Height x density x gravity

Physics (7 decks)

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