1: Anatomy - Bony pelvis, pelvic fracture and labour Flashcards Preview

Reproduction Week 1 2018/19 > 1: Anatomy - Bony pelvis, pelvic fracture and labour > Flashcards

Flashcards in 1: Anatomy - Bony pelvis, pelvic fracture and labour Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is another name for the hip bone?

A

Innominate bone

2
Q

What are the three parts of each innominate bone?

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubic bone

3
Q

At which joints do the innominate bones

a) connect anteriorly
b) connect to the sacrum posteriorly?

A

a) Pubic symphysis
b) Sacroiliac joints

4
Q

At which level does the dura end?

A

S2

Spinal cord ends at L2 (conus medullaris) but dura continues with the cauda equina

5
Q

What spinal level is the transtubercular plane found at?

A

L5

6
Q

Why is the ischial spine an important feature?

A

Sacrospinous ligament attaches to it

And the pudendal nerve traverses around the sacrospinous ligament

7
Q

Which nerve twists around the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-4)

8
Q

Which muscle group attaches to the ischial tuberosity posteriorly?

A

Hamstrings group

Medial to lateral: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

9
Q

What happens to the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments during pregnancy?

A

Relaxation

10
Q

Which bony feature of the ischium forms the inferior border of the obturator foramen?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

11
Q

How does the pubic arch differ in appearance in males versus females?

A

Males - smaller angle (**/** shape)

Females - greater angle, wider pelvic inlet/outlet for childbirth

12
Q

Where does the pelvis tend to fracture?

A

Multiple places

bony ring

13
Q

Pelvic fractures often occur alongside joint ___.

A

dislocations

14
Q

Which neurovascular structures may be disrupted by pelvic trauma?

A

Common iliac artery

Common iliac vein

Sacral plexus

15
Q

Why is pelvic haemorrhage so dangerous?

A

Internal bleeding

Occurs without visible signs until life-threatening

16
Q

What are the structural differences between the male and female pelvis?

A

In females:

deeper pubic arch

greater AP and transverse diameters of pelvic inlet and outlet

shallower pelvic cavity

compared to men

17
Q

How many frontal bones does the foetal skull have?

A

Two

18
Q

Which structures allow the bones of the foetal skull to move and slide over one another during childbirth?

A

Anterior and posterior fontanelles

19
Q

When may the anterior and posterior fontanelles be

a) bulging
b) depressed?

A

a) Increased intracranial pressure (e.g hydrocephalus)

b) Malnutrition / dehydration

20
Q

What are the three sutures found in the foetal skull?

A

Sagittal suture

Coronal suture

Lambdoid suture

21
Q

What area is found within the borders made by the anterior and posterior fontanelles and the parietal prominences?

A

Vertex

22
Q

In the context of childbirth, what is moulding?

A

Sliding of skull bones over one another

Reduces diameter of foetal head during childbirth

23
Q

Which bony features form the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory

Ilium

Superior pubic ramus

Pubic symphysis

24
Q

Which bony features form the pelvic outlet?

A

Pubic symphysis

Ischiopubic ramus

Ischial tuberosities

Sacrotuberous ligaments

Coccyx

25
Q

The foetal head has frontotemporal (front to back) and biparietal (side to side) diameters.

Which diameter is greater?

A

Frontotemporal diameter > Biparietal diameter

i.e a newborn’s head should be longer than it is wide

26
Q

What ligaments form the

a) greater
b) lesser sciatic foramen?

A

a) GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN - both

b) LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN - both