1-25 IV homework Flashcards

1
Q
approximately \_\_\_\_\_% of an adult male's weight is constituted by water.
A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70
A

C

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2
Q
intracellular fluid:
A) is the fluid that bathes the cells
B) transport red and white cells
C) is the water contained inside the cells
D) accounts for about 15% of body weight
A

C

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3
Q
cerebrospinal fluid and intraocular fluid are types of:
A) plasma
B) interstitial fluid
C) intracellular fluid
D) intravascular fluid
A

B

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4
Q
in a 175 lb man, intravascular fluid accounts for approximately \_\_\_\_\_ lb
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 12
A

A

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5
Q
a composition of dissolved elements and water is called a(n):
A) solute
B) solvent
C) solution
D) electrolyte
A

C

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6
Q

Solutes are defined as:
A) atoms that carry an electrical charge
B) solutions that exclusively carry electrolytes
C) solutions that contain dissolved components
D) the dissolved particles contained in a solvent

A

D

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7
Q

which of the following statements regarding electrolytes is correct?
A) electrolytes are nonreactive and relatively harmless if they are left to circulate in the body
B) electrolytes are also called ions and dissociate into charged components when placed in water
C) electrolytes help to regulate muscular contraction, but have no effect on cardiac function
D) electrolyte charges are stabilized by bloods that they can aid in the body’s metabolic functions

A

B

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8
Q
cations are electrolytes that have an overall \_\_\_\_ charge, and anions are electrolytes that have an overall \_\_\_\_ charge.
A) negative, neutral
B) positive, negative
C) neutral, positive
D) negative, positive
A

B

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9
Q
major cations of the body include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) sodium
B) calcium
C) potassium
D) bicarbonate
A

D

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10
Q
which of the following electrolytes is not a cation?
A) chloride
B) calcium
C) potassium
D) magnesium
A

A

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11
Q

the milliequivalent (mEq) represents the chemical combining power of the ion and is based on the:
A) percentage of sodium in a given electrolyte solution
B) ability to unite with an electrolyte solution
C) number of available ionic charges in an electrolyte solution
D) ratio of positively and negatively charged ions

A

C

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12
Q

sodium is a ______ cation and can react completely with _____.
A) monovalent, 1 mEq of a singly charged anion
B) bivalent, 2 mEq of a doubly charged cation
C) monovalent, 2 mEq of a singly charged anion
D) bivalent, 1 mEq of a doubly charged cation

A

A

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13
Q

which of the following statements regarding calcium is correct?
A) calcium is needed for bone growth and proper blood clotting
B) patients with ataxia should be suspected of being hypocalcemic
C) calcium can react completely with 1 mEq of singly charged anion
D) abdominal cramps are a sign of an increased level of serum calcium

A

A

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14
Q
the principal extracellular cation that regulates the distribution of water throughout the body is:
A) calcium
B) sodium
C) chloride
D) phosphorus
A

B

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15
Q

potassium:
A) helps stimulat the release of insulin
B) is found predominantly outside the cell
C) is a bivalent cation that tends to follow water
D) plays a major role in neuromuscular function

A

D

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16
Q

Hyperkalemia would MOST likely result in:
A) abnormal gastrointestinal function
B) decreased skeletal muscle function
C) hyperstimulation of neural cell transmission
D) severe bradycardia due to increased vagal tone

A

C

17
Q
the primary buffer used in all circulating body fluids is:
A) bicarbonate
B) phosphorus
C) potassium
D) magnesium
A

A

18
Q
the chemical sign for sodium bicarbonate is:
A) NaCl
B) H2CO3
C) NaHCO3
D) KCl
A

C

19
Q
which of the following electrolytes plays the MOST active role in metabolism?
A) potassium
B) magnesium
C) bicarbonate
D) phosphorus
A

B

20
Q
the movement of compounds or charges across a cell membrane to an area of lower concentration is called:
A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) selective permeability
A

B

21
Q
The antidiuretic horomone (ADH) prevents the loss of water from the kidneys during the process of:
A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) selective permeability
A

B

22
Q

pumping sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell has the added benefit of:
A) moving glucose into the cell at the same time
B) transiently decreasing serum levels of calcium
C) facilitating water reabsorption in the renal tubules
D) expanding minimal levels of adenosine triphosphate

A

A

23
Q

osmosis occurs when:
A) water moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
B) solutes move from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
C) water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
D) solutes move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

A

A

24
Q

the net effect of osmosis is to:
A) balance the concentration of water on both sides of the cell wall
B) equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane
C) utilize ATP to actively move solutes across the cell membrane
D) maintain a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell

A

B

25
Q

the tonicity of a solution is determined by the:
A) velocity with which potassium ions shift outside of the cell and sodium ions shift inside the cell
B) permability of the cell and the ability of sodium and potassium to actively move across its membrane
C) amount of anti diuretic horomone the body produces and the volume of water that is reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidneys
D) concentration of sodium in a solution and the movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside the cell

A

D