04 - Lecture 20

Question 1

Intercellular vs intracellular?

Answer 1

Inter - Cell to cell

Intra - Self

Question 2

Endocrine?

Answer 2

Hormones released within the blood

Question 3

Autocrine?

Answer 3

Released and acts on self

Question 4

Paracrine?

Answer 4

Cell to cell

Question 5

Neuronal signaling?

Answer 5

Nerve to the synaptic gap to the cell

Question 6

Contact signaling?

Answer 6

Need to have direct contact

Question 7

4 features of signal transduction?

Answer 7

1) Specification
2) Amplification
3) Desensitization/Adaptation
4) Integration

Question 8

Steroid receptor?

Answer 8

A hydrophobic molecule goes into the nucleus, binds to a receptor, and regulates gene expression of specific genes

Question 9

Gated ion channel?

Answer 9

Opens or closes in response to concentration

Question 10

Receptor enzyme?

Answer 10

Ligand binds to extracellular domain which stimulates the intracellular domain
- Ex. Insulin receptor

Question 11

Do hydrophobic or hydrophilic things like to be in the membrane?

Answer 11

Hydrophobic things do. Ex is steroids

Question 12

Are steroids quick?

Answer 12

Big bulky guy on steroids is slow.

Question 13

2 types of gated ion channels?

Answer 13

Ligand or voltage gated

Question 14

Ligand gated channel?

Answer 14

Binding of neurotransmitter opens channel. Acetylcholine opens the Na channel

Question 15

What is the role of the insulin receptor and insulin?

Answer 15

Insulin receptor - metabolic regulation

Insulin - regulates the storage and use of glucose and fat

Question 16

What is hydrophobic and can cross the plasma membrane?

Answer 16

Steroids

Thyroid, Vitamin D

Question 17

cGMP is important for what?

Answer 17

Relaxation of smooth muscle, platelet aggregation and regulation of the blood pressure

Question 18

Path of muscle relaxation?

Answer 18

NO diffuse to adjacent smooth muscle which activates guanylate cyclase resulting in an increase in cGMP = relaxing the muslce

Question 19

Path of muscle relaxation?

Answer 19

NO diffuse to adjacent smooth muscle which activates guanylate cyclase resulting in an increase in cGMP = relaxing the muscle